Collection B

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https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/8526

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 59
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    2023-09-30 Exploring equity dynamics along the seaweed value chain in Zanzibar
    (2023-03) Lee, Ha-Eun; Sitas, Nadia; Selomane, Odirilwe
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    Admixture mapping of TB susceptibility and the contribution of type 2 diabetes in a South African population
    (2022-12) Swart, Yolandi; Moller, Marlo; Uren, Caitlin; Kleynhans, Leanie
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    Adverse events of iron and/ or erythropoiesis-stimulating agent therapy in preoperatively anemic elective surgery patients: a systematic review
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2022-10-27) Laermans, Jorien; Van Remoortel, Hans; Avau, Bert; Bekkering, Geertruida; Georgsen, Jorgen; Manzini, Paola Maria; Meybohm, Patrick; Ozier, Yves; De Buck, Emmy; Compernolle, Veerle; Vandekerckhove, Philippe
    Background Iron supplementation and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) administration represent the hallmark therapies in preoperative anemia treatment, as reflected in a set of evidence-based treatment recommendations made during the 2018 International Consensus Conference on Patient Blood Management. However, little is known about the safety of these therapies. This systematic review investigated the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during or after treatment with iron and/or ESAs.
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    Advocacy, activism, and lobbying: How variations in interpretation affects ability for academia to engage with public policy
    (PLOS, 2022-03-18) Jessani, Nasreen S.; Ling, Brenton; Babcock, Carly; Valmeekanathan, Akshara; Holtgrave, David R.
    Research and teaching are considered core-responsibilities for academic researchers. “Practice” activities however are viewed as ancillary, despite university emphasis on their importance. As funders, governments, and academia address the role of research in social impact, the deliberations on researcher activism, advocacy and lobbying have seen a resurgence. This study explores the perceptions of 52 faculty and 24 government decisionmakers on the roles, responsibilities, and restrictions of an academic to proactively engage in efforts that can be interpreted under these three terms. Data was coded through inductive thematic analysis using Atlas.Ti and a framework approach. We found that discordant perceptions about how much activism, advocacy and lobbying faculty should be engaging in, results from how each term is defined, interpreted, supported and reported by the individuals, the School of Public Health (SPH), and government agencies. Influential faculty factors included: seniority, previous experiences, position within the institution, and being embedded in a research center with an advocacy focus. Faculty views on support for advocacy were often divergent. We surmise therefore, that for effective and mutually beneficial collaboration to occur, academic institutions need to align rhetoric with reality with respect to encouraging modes and support for government engagement. Similarly, government agencies need to provide more flexible modes of engagement. This will contribute to alleviating confusion as well as tension leading to more effective engagement and consequently opportunity for evidence-informed decision making in public health globally.
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    'n Bedryfsielkundige ondersoek na die bruikbaarheid van die Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as spanontwikkelingsinstrument
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1993) Verster, L. G.; Calitz, C. J.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
    It used to be that an entrepreneur could build a company on his own. Those days are gone. Today's business environment is so complex and in such a continual state of change that success often depends on the outputs of teams or work groups rather than the efforts of a single person. The necessity for people to work in teams, has led to the development of team development and team building strategies. An instrument often used in this capacity is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This psychological instrument is based on Carl Jung's theory of personality types and reports preferences and styles of interaction. Many authors describe the use of the MBTI as a team development instrument, but there seems to be a lack of supportive empirical evidence. This study attempts to investigate the use of the MBTI as a team development instrument to enhance the climate and effectiveness of a team. Teams working in a public service sector, and management teams of different companies took part in MBTI team development sessions. The hypothesis stating that there would be a significant difference in the climate and effectiveness of teams after MBTI team development, were investigated. With the teams in the public sector an effort was made to measure the climate and effectiveness of three experimental groups and a control group before and after the experimental treatment. The same procedure was planned for the management teams. The data of the control group of the teams in the public service sector could not be obtained at the second measurement. The analysis of the data of the experimental teams indicated no significant support for the hypothesis. With further analysis a significant correlation between team climate and team effectiveness was found. The composition of personality types in the teams and the implications thereof are discussed. It came to light that the management teams were not actual work teams, therefore the second measurement was not carried out with these groups. The composition of types within these teams were analysed, discussed and compared to similar research. A number of conclusions and suggestions for further research are made.
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    The budgetary and welfare consequences of security co-operation in the southern hemisphere : a South African perspective
    (Stellenbosch University, Military Science, 1997) Roux, Andre
    The end of the Cold War, new global circumstances, and the democratisation process in South Africa have resulted in a transformation of the way in which defence matters in this country are evaluated and approached. From 1960 to the end of the 1980s defence spending decisions in South Africa were largely influenced by non-economic considerations, such as the perceived need to protect national values from foreign aggression and internal threats to stability, the ideological inclination of the government of the day, and a sense of inertia and incrementalism in respect of defence budgets. However, since 1989 the greater unlikelihood of an imminent foreign act of conventional aggression against the country and the advent of multi-party democracy, have served to highlight the possible trade-off between defence and socio-economic welfare (the so-called 'guns versus butter' debate). Indeed, since the end of the 1980s real defence expenditure in South Africa has declined by almost 60 percent, while the defence burden (defence expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product) has fallen to below 2,0 percent.
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    Challenges to infection control in early communication intervention : a scoping review
    (AOSIS (Pty) Ltd., 2022-08-03) Achmat, Bilqees; Gerber, Berna
    Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are crucial to preventing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used a scoping review to investigate the challenges that exist when speech–language therapists (SLTs) use IPC measures for providing early communication intervention (ECI). Objectives: To describe existing, recent literature on PPE and IPC measures used in early intervention through a scoping review (steps 1–5) and to consult local clinicians to investigate how SLTs who provide ECI in South Africa relate to these findings (step 6 of the scoping review). Method: A scoping review was performed which followed the PRISMA-ScR framework. Because of limited literature on PPE and IPC measures used by SLTs in providing ECI, the inclusion criteria were adjusted to include PPE and IPC measures used by healthcare workers (HCWs) who provide early intervention to the population of infants and toddlers up to 3 years old. At the time of the review, articles were not older than 10 years and were published between 2011 and 2020. The scoping review included a consultation with South African SLTs who provide ECI, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pilot study was conducted prior to the consultations. Seventeen clinicians were included in total. Data from both the pilot study and main consultation were transcribed and analysed in the results using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen articles were included in the study. The scoping review of existing literature identified challenges to implementing IPC measures, namely the care and behaviour of young children, infrastructure and system challenges, poor compliance and lack of training and a lack of standard IPC protocols. Clinicians in the consultation phase confirmed these challenges and reported that IPC measures did not consider ECI populations nor the settings in which services were provided. Suggestions from the literature for improved infection control included hand hygiene, improved supplies and infrastructure and education and training. Clinicians in the consultation added practical suggestions for implementing IPC measures within ECI, which included an increase in parent-led intervention as well as cleaning and disinfection strategies. Conclusion: This study identified challenges and recommendations of SLTs who use PPE and IPC measures whilst providing ECI. Understanding these challenges can benefit ECI services and future research efforts focused on improving ECI services whilst maintaining IPC standards.
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    Converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge in organisations : a communication challenge
    (School of Communication, UJ, 2002) Hugo-Burrows, M. M.
    Business organisations are increasingly viewing knowledge as their most valuable and strategic resource to remain competitive. Every organisation has both explicit knowledge, referring to carefully analysed and defined knowledge, and tacit knowledge, referring to complex knowledge, difficult to specify and often unrecorded. Tacit knowledge becomes embedded in an individual's personal expertise and cannot be expressed through the normal use of words. But it is precisely the tacit knowledge that often delivers a sustainable competitive advantage, as it is this part that competitors have difficulty in replicating. Many organisations are realizing that they must explicitly manage their knowledge resources and capabilities, and they have initiated a range of knowledge management programmes. An important managerial responsibility resides in managing the knowledge transfer context, including the assessment of all knowledge possessed by a firm. This necessitates the conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. This article looks at the tacit knowledge literature and focuses on the existing methods of converting tacit knowledge into implicit knowledge in organisations. A pilot survey on existing tacit knowledge articulation in a large South African province is discussed. This has pointed towards a more comprehensive research project, with the aim of providing a model for tacit knowledge communication strategies in South African multicultural firms.
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    A demographic profile of the Cape Metropolitan Area, 1996 and 2021
    (Faculty of the Humanities, University of the Free State, 2001) Haldenwang, Barbel
    With a total population of 2.56 million in 1996, the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA) is the third largest metropole in South Africa. It is the second largest contributor to the country’s GDP, accounts for 8.0% of employment, and is a popular migration destination, especially from the Eastern Cape. The population of the CMA is demographically young, with more females than males, and it is dominated by the coloured population group. Each of the six local authority areas has its own unique demographic profile. By 2021, between 0.76 million and 1.56 million additional people could be residing in the CMA, with Tygerberg and Central Cape Town expected to experience the highest population growth rates.
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    Development of a questionnaire for assessing work unit performance
    (AOSIS, 2004-10) Spangenberg, H. H.; Theron, C.
    The aim of this study was to develop a generic work unit performance measure that can be utilized in private, public and non-profit work units. Development of such a questionnaire, called the Performance Index (PI) comprised three steps, namely deciding on a baseline structure for the model; verifying the model and dimensions through subject expert feedback; and consolidating the model and refining the questionnaire. The sample consisted of 60 units rated on a 360 basis by 257 respondents. Item and dimensionality analyses, followed by confirmatory factor analysis utilizing LISREL produced acceptable model fit. Overall, results provided reasonable psychometric support for the Performance Index.
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    Dr
    (2017-12) Thebe, Tselane Themis; Fourie, Anna Eilzabeth