Masters Degrees (African Centre for HIV/AIDS Management)

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Breaking the circle of commercial sex workers
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009-12) Moiloa, Tau Zacharia; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this article it is important that we deal with the problem of the circle of Commercial Sex Workers as a high risk practice. It is indeed a fact that a number of commercial sex workers increases day by day. What can be done to break the circle of commercial sex work as it affects everybody? Why is HIV and AIDS and commercial sex workers inseparable? Although the word “prostitution” can be used to describe the act of selling sex, it can also mean “using a skill or ability in a way that is considered unworthy”. It seems to include a moral judgement, by implying that individuals who sell sex are somehow “unworthy”, or involved in a practice that is corrupt. A far more neutral and respectful alternative is the term “sex work”. We have to eliminate discrimination and stigma and deal with the prevention of frequent infections, for both the sellers and the buyers. Most of the time we concentrate on the sellers (commercial sex workers) more than the buyers. It is important that we encourage faithfulness, one partner who is steady, the correct use of condoms as well as Voluntary counselling and testing in our communities rather than encouraging girlchild or women and men in this Commercial Sex Work industry through workshops and awareness. We have to reduce HIV prevalence as much as we can and to create income generating projects for our communities by educating and giving skill to the communities. “Let us Break this circle of Commercial sex work with positive attitude as we are in one way or the other living with HIV.”
Corporate social responsibility and HIV/AIDS prevention at Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011-03) Tekere, Mooketsi Bennedict; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the perceptions of Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited employees on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities related to HIV/AIDS prevention in order to provide informed guidelines and to increase awareness. The results in the study have revealed a high level of awareness amongst employees on CSR activities related to HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention. The comparative analysis on programme measurement and knowledge has indicated gaps in programme comprehensiveness and delivery system. Partnerships and best practices sharing are reported to be indicative of long-term sustainability and positive outcomes of the Sechaba Company HIV/AIDS programmes.
Developing a policy for Mangosuthu Technikon as a case study on HIV and Aids and the challenges in policy development and implementation of HIV and Aids programmes and education
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-12) Sithole, Thembinkosi Berresford; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emerging of strategic planning over the past decade, as a fundamental tool for institutional development (Ekong and Plante, 1996 Hayward and Ncayiyana, 2003) has led to the resistance in institutional assessment. Tertiary institutions are obliged to take stock of their performance, and to address the source of identifies shortcomings. At the same time, perhaps not coincidentally, higher education management has emerged as a new discipline for graduate study, fostering research on this topic by both students and Academic staff. As a result, in-house issues, such as learning performance, student financing, budget effectiveness, graduate performance in the labour market, and many others have now become legitimate topics for academic enquiry. In the process, academic are beginning to acknowledge a new agenda driven by institutional reviews and innovations. However, HIV/AIDS remains largely outside the scope of concern in many tertiary institutions. It is the newest challenge to emerge in the “threat” category on the institutional SWOT (strength/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) analyses common to strategic planning. Mangosuthu is no exception in this regard. But for tertiary institutions, the challenge of HIV/AIDS looms larger and is more deeply rooted. Unfortunately, long established traditions of autonomous governance and management within institutions of higher learning tend to shield campus communities from intervention, even when it is well intentioned by other agencies of government. In the case of HIV/AIDS, for example, these institutions may not readily respond to calls for action by National AIDS Committees or the Health Department. For this reason, it is far more effective when a response to HIV/AIDS within systems of education begins at home. It is through that belief that I decided to analyse the Mangosuthu Technikon response to HIV/AIDS, looks at the development of its policy and other challenges that were faced in implementing HIV/AIDS programmes and education. This work looks at the development of Mangosuthu Policy and other related HIV/AIDS issues within the campus. The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic harbours negative on economic implications for Mangosuthu Technikon because of the particularly vulnerable population that it is the host to. Before the Final proposed draft was produced, a process of wide consultation with all stakeholders took place. Once the policy is adopted, it will be adapted from time to time. This has also led to the development of Peer Education Framework that is attached as Appendix 1.
Early empowerment of women and girls as a tool to reduce human trafficking in Nepal
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007-03) Oviedo de Mock, Ana Mercedes; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on trafficking of young Nepalese girls and women. Trafficking is an integral part of the social and economic fabric of Nepal, as in other parts of the world. The practice causes intolerable degradation and suffering for the girls and young women involved, who are treated as a commodity. It presents a risk to their physical and mental health, and in particular to their sexual health. The study examines the connections between age, level of education and sexual exploitation in consequence of trafficking. In particular, it considers the need to empower women at an early age in order to fight discrimination and violence against women in Nepal.
The effect of unemployment on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS epidemic in relation to corporate social investing
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-12) Masanabo, Vusumuzi Joseph Godfrey; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores how the prevalence of HIV/AIDS relates to unemployment that leads to poverty. Unemployment and poverty can be caused by factors such as level of education, technological changes, and fewer large industries committing to corporate social investing. The most important factor, however, is how corporate social investing helps to reduce unemployment in the community which might lead to a decrease in the spread HIV/AIDS, since the two factors are related. The study concentrated much on unemployment as a factor which influences HIV/AIDS prevalence. It is important to note that one cannot separate poverty from employment; you need to consider number of factors such as kinds of employment, causes of unemployment, measurement of unemployment, and the consequences of unemployment. Questionnaires were distributed to different sectors, that is, government departments, business, community and non-profit organizations (NPO·s). These questionnaires were aimed at assessing the relevant information concerning unemployment from government departments and to get information from the businesses pertaining to their attitudes towards corporate social investing. On the other hand, the response of the businesses to corporate social investing were assessed by collecting information from non-profit organizations (NPOs), so that one can established the significant effect of unemployment on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS due to the lack of corporate social investing.
The establishment and role of HOPE Cape Town in the fighting of HIV and AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa : a case study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-03) Louw, Edwin Leonard; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV and AIDS infiltrated our communities to such an extent that it has cut across racial and religious groups and opened up dialogues especially amongst the youth today. Unemployment and socio-economic challenges are giving the spread of HIV and AIDS a perfect platform to further destroy human capacity and destroying communities. HIV and AID, undoubtedly, introduced the ‘blame-game’ as to who is more responsible for the HIV infection rate in some instances. Facing the news of being tested HIV positive created the opportunity to share your stories of brokenness, aiming for healing and eventually breakdown the barriers of stigma and discrimination. Government departments, NGO’s and all interested community people need to look for more structured ways around HIV and AIDS intervention programmes to tackle the spread with possible and available resources earmarked for this fight. Education and health, in as so far, continue to remain the two compelling issues regarding HIV and AIDS. Dealing with HIV and AIDS constantly is still looking for new ways how to renew information, extending social inclusion invitations and develop coping mechanism. HIV and AIDS is still regarded as a death sentence for many in this world and for the ordinary South African family. People living with HIV and AIDS and concerned activist consistently demonstrated the eagerness to adopt a healthy life-style by accepting their status and breaking the silence over the deadly HIV virus. This undignified virus has taken more lives than the two World War One and Two jointly together. This virus left behind a devastating trail of hopelessness and exposes the vulnerability of children and women to communities that are on the fringes of HIV and AIDS. The story of HOPE Cape Town is about confronting HIV and AIDS together and not just about accumulating statistics of those been tested HIV-positive. An organisation that is eager recognizing that every individual can be affected and that the impact of HIV and AIDS calls upon an effective preventative care and support approach.
Female domestic workers' knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on HIV/AIDS
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006-12) Muadinohamba, Alexinah Nansunga; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS poses major health challenge to the global population and continues to be a prominent killer disease despite the fact that ongoing attempts are being made to find a cure for the epidemic. Namibia is one of the most affected countries in the world, and has been very open about this disastrous malady. Although the country has put education programs in place to try and prevent the spread of HIV, a lot remains to be done. The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and behaviour/practices regarding HIV/AIDS of domestic workers in the Hochland Park suburb of Windhoek. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of knowledge of domestic workers about HIV/AIDS prevention and evaluate certain beliefs and practices in this regard. Data was collected from a sample of 121 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The relationship between knowledge, attitude and practices was examined. The findings indicate that the knowledge levels of domestic workers are relatively high. Sources of such knowledge were mainly radio/television, relatives and friends and churches, with a smaller contribution by clinics/health care workers. In addition, the findings show that there is a positive relationship between knowledge about HIV/AIDS and educational level. However, education by itself does not guarantee behavioural change as findings in the present study indicate that does not have a strong positive correlation with behavioural change.
Fringe benefits tax on HIV/AIDS disease management of employees in the world of work
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-04) Bokelman, Elizabeth Johanna; Du Toit, J. B.; Van Schalkwyk, C. J.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Science. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV-positive employees that receive treatment for HIV/AIDS by having their employers pay for the treatment are being taxed on their lifesaving HIV benefits paid by their employer. This comes after the Commissioner of Inland Revenue (CIR) or South African Revenue Service (SARS) identified the provision of treatment by employers as a “fringe benefit” in terms of paragraphs 2(e), 2(h) and 2(i) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act1 and as such is taxable if the treatment is given from the work place. The treatment contribution is included in an employee’s remuneration package as a fringe benefit. Pay-as-you-earn (PAYE) and other assessed taxes are calculated from that. The taxable benefit is included on the employees’ annual IRP5 certificates. In order for the employer’s Human Resources department to affect this on the IRP 5 certificates the affected employee has to disclose his HIV/AIDS status and accordingly pay the PAYE on the fringe benefit. In terms of paragraph 2(e) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962, any service rendered at the expense of the employer to the employee, whether by the employer or by some other person, which has been utilised by the employee for private or domestic use, such value of the service must be included in the employee’s consideration for remuneration. Paragraph 2(h)2 taxes the employees on debts paid by the employer on behalf of the employees and paragraph 2(i)3 taxes a one third contribution benefit back in the hand of an employee for contributions to medical aids. If the employee were to receive chronic medication from a medical aid for HIV/AIDS treatment this will be included in the fringe benefit tax as a medical contribution.The Employment Equity Act No. 55 of 19984 promotes the elimination of unfair discrimination in the work place and ensures the implementation of Employment Equity to redress the effects of discrimination. Above all it also promotes the constitutional right to equality. In terms of confidentiality of the employees HIV/AIDS status; the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (Income Tax Act)5 as interpreted seems to be in conflict with the Employment Equity Act No. 55 of 1998. A solution therefore has to be sought where: - The anonymity of an employee in terms of his/her HIV/AIDS status is protected as envisaged by the Employment Equity Act6. - It is also necessary to understand whether there is in fact conflict between the Income Tax Act7 and the Employment Equity Act8. - It is also necessary to establish whether there are any misconceptions in the interpretation of the legislation and - Try to find the best possible solution to minimise the impact of Income Tax and yet protect the confidentiality of the employees concerned.
The future of oral fluid HIV testing in South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-04) Davis, Herbert Douglas; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “Oh no, I feel uncomfortable with blood, I don’t know if I want to take the HIV test!” This is a general attitude towards HIV/AIDS inside a voluntary testing and counselling (VCT) environment and it is enhanced by numerous superstitions and misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS which still occur in a South African context. Yet there is an alternative, approved test for HIV/AIDS available which does not require a blood sample. Testing for the presence of HIV/AIDS by means of an oral specimen has been used for more than 10 years, while the rapid version thereof received official endorsement in the USA in 2004. Although the oral fluid HIV testing option is utilized in SA, oral fluid tests have still to be used in an official capacity. No policy, guidelines or legislation regarding any aspect of oral fluid HIV testing currently exists in SA. As a result, this alternative HIV testing method is not well-known among the general South African public. The aim of this research paper will be to raise - and positively influence - the profile and image of oral HIV testing as an attractive alternative to HIV testing that requires a blood specimen. The foundation for this will be laid by proving that the lack of the need for a blood specimen in oral fluid HIV testing positively influences testing for HIV. This research project will further suggest a specific promotional strategy for oral testing with the aim of convincing more individuals to test for HIV. This strategy will be based on its distinguishing characteristic – namely the absence of blood – and entails the following: A poster campaign will be suggested to create awareness and promote these tests as a more “user friendly” version of HIV testing. At ground level the strategy will be carried out by setting up mobile HIV/AIDS testing units, specializing in oral fluid HIV testing. Moreover certain guidelines will be suggested for oral test administration.
HIV/AIDS vulnerability among farm workers in the southern Freestate
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Heideman, Estelle; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The farming industry in South Africa is experiencing serious economic threats due to the death rate among farm workers caused by HIV/AIDS related illnesses. I analyzed an educational intervention, focusing on HIV/AIDS prevention and understanding, involving 8 farms and 90 workers. Interactive and didactic methods included self-reflection, storytelling and group work. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The workers learned the importance of knowing their HIV status. Their knowledge about HIV/AIDS increased and they developed skills to better manage their health. They became more positive towards people living with AIDS, about condom use, and status disclosure. Farmers in the Southern Free State and specifically those in and around Springfontein have been trying for years to engage into some kind of discussions in order to assist their employees to better deal with the impact of HIV/AIDS on their respective families. In the past mobile clinics visited the farms for Primary Health Care including HIV related services, but as relationships with Government deteriorated over the years, services also terminated. As a result, farm workers in this area became a neglected and forgotten group as far as AIDS awareness programmes are concerned. The low literacy levels of most of the workers disadvantaged them further as most of the material printed for awareness passed them by. With this study the possibility is investigated that a specifically designed HIV/AIDS awareness programme will impact on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of farm workers in the Springfontein region. The programme will be evaluated continuously in order to improve methodology and content of the programme. The ultimate aim would then be to design an HIV/AIDS awareness programme that will assist farmers and farm workers to better deal with the impact of HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS workplace policy development and implementation in a selected sample of South African organisations
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009-03) Laas, Anja; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to determine the current situation regarding policy development and implementation in a selected sample of South African organisations. The researcher used the survey method to determine how many organisations do have HIV/AIDS workplace policies in place, and if not, why not. It was found that only a small percentage of respondents confirmed to not have an HIV/AIDS workplace policy at their respective workplaces. A reason for concern is that almost a quarter of the respondents were not sure whether their workplace had a policy or not. Larger organisations (> 500 employees) were more inclined to have polices and the highest percentage of organisations that have policies were from KwaZulu Natal, the province with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in the country.
An investigation of the knowledge of HIV/AIDS education amongst the 15 year old girls at Kiriyatswane secondary school
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Mashabela, Marei Cyprian; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
The thesis focused on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS Education amongst the 15 year old girls at Kiriyatswane Secondary School. The school is based at Embalenhle Township in Mpumalanga Province. The research points out that most of the 15 year old girls at the school have knowledge of HIV/AIDS Education. Social settings such as home, schools, churches and media promotes the acquisition of this knowledge. Parental involvement is pivotal in educating the teenagers about HIIV/AIDS. The school, as a secondary institution of socialisation, enhances the knowledge,skills,values and attitudes the teenagers have acquired at home.The churches and media further entrenches and consolidates this knowledge through moral and value regeneration.The home,school,churches and media serve a great purpose of dispelling myths and misconceptions about this epidemic.What needs to be further investigated is whether this knowledge of HIV/AIDS Education translates to change in sexual behaviour.
The knowledge of prevention of mother to child transmission among pregnant women at Mabote clinic, Tsepong, Lesotho after voluntary counselling and testing
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012-03) Olorunfemi, Adebola Folashade; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Voluntary counselling and testing in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has an important role to play in Lesotho's response to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic among women of childbearing age. In fact, the cornerstone of a successful PMTCT programme is a high level of HIV testing among pregnant women in order to identify who are positive and at risk of transmitting the virus to their babies. For effective PMTCT, there is a need to integrate voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) into antenatal care and maternity care, rather than providing it through a separate VCT unit. There is also a need to understand that counselling and HIV testing must be confidential and voluntary, and the qualities of these services have a high impact on the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services. Aim This study is aimed at establishing the current knowledge of PMTCT among pregnant women who attend counselling in order to improve counselling services and transmission of HIV among them during pregnancy at Mabote Clinic, Tsepong in Lesotho. Method A well-structured questionnaire was administered to thirty (30) women registering for the first time for antenatal care. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts. The first part was to determine the bio-data and socio-economic status of the women, the second to explore their general knowledge of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) while the last part was knowledge of counselling. The study was conducted between 22nd August and September 30, 2011 and the sample, consisted of 30 women aged between 18 and 49 years. Results It was found out that the majority of the women were married (60%) and 50% were aged between 21-30 years. The majority (87%) have heard about prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) but only 10% knew that the HIV could be transmitted through other ways. About 87% of them knew that HIV could be transmitted through sexual intercourse; also 83% of them knew that the virus could be transmitted from the infected pregnant mother to unborn child. The knowledge on mother to child transmission was high; as only 77% knew that HIV could be transmitted during breastfeeding, 70% knew that HIV could be transmitted during pregnancy while 60% knew that the virus could be transmitted during delivery through the vagina. Knowledge of drugs to prevent transmission was also found to be on the high side. Conclusion It can be concluded that a high percentage of women had heard of the PMTCT and there was an in-depth knowledge of the modes of transmission especially mother to child transmission. Willingness to undertake an HIV test was mainly for the protection of the baby. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare should develop guidelines on PMTCT for pregnant women and create more VCT centres. Generally, there should be more education on HIV/AIDS for the public and also it should form part of the school curriculum.
Lerato’s hope : a blueprint for local church involvement in the HIV/AIDS pandemic
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009-03) Ryan, Anthony; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Given the reality of the ravages of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa, the local church cannot remain silent and inactive. Lerato's Hope is a local, urban, church based approach to addressing the HIV/AIDS related needs of the surrounding communities in a sustainable and meaningful way, using church based organizations and volunteers. The story of Lerato's Hope is one that every church could and should seek to replicate in its response to the pandemic.
The level of preparedness of primary school teachers, in the disadvantaged northern areas of Port Elizabeth, to manage HIV/AIDS in the classroom
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009-03) Floors, Paulus; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
This study explored the level of preparedness of primary school teachers, in the disadvantaged Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth, to manage HIV/AIDS in the classroom. Although there are more than 35 primary schools in this area, only 12 were selected randomly to form part of this study. The sample comprised of 164 participants that include teachers, principals, deputy principals and Head of Departments (HOD‟s) from the randomly selected 12 schools. All the respondents had to complete a questionnaire which were divided into five sections, namely: a. Biographical information, b. Knowledge of HIV and AIDS, c. Management and Training of teachers on HIV/AIDS in schools, d. HIV/AIDS policies in schools, e. Education and awareness, and f. Support from the Department of Education in the Eastern Cape. The study found that in all participating schools there were more female than male teachers, that the majority of participants were older than 40 years, most respondents have more than 15 years teaching experience and that a sizeable number of them (45) have never been tested for HIV and therefore do not know their status. It was also found that respondents have an average knowledge (58.2% out of a possible score of 100) of HIV and AIDS. These scores do not reflect a high level of knowledge on the disease. Research results show that half of the respondents indicated that they have HIV-infected learners enrolled at their schools. However, most of the respondents were not adequately trained to deal with HIV-related issues in schools. Most respondents nevertheless, indicated that it should be compulsory for primary school teachers to do a formal course on HIV/AIDS Management in schools. The study also revealed that less than 50% of respondents indicated that their schools have an HIV/AIDS policy. There was, however, great uncertainty about the existence of such a policy at many participating schools as it was never discussed or explained to teachers and parents of learners at these schools. According to the study, there is a serious lack of awareness about the disease in schools and school communities as HIV/AIDS awareness events never or seldom take place at participating schools. Most school communities are also not involved in HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns that are organised by the schools. World AIDS Day is also not observed in many of the participating schools.
Perceived stigma and discrimination is the cause for employees not to participate on the HIV/AIDS work programme.
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Mthombeni, Dainnah Sonto; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: What accounts for failure of employee to register on the workplace HIV/AIDS programme after testing positive? This could be associated with many things such as stigma and discrimination, fear of losing job because of HIV status, or even lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and about the workplace HIV/AIDS programme. A study within Edcon employees was designed to examine the cause of failure to register on workplace HIV/AIDS programme. Qualitative data were collected from four provinces, which are Gauteng, Empumalanga, North West and Limpopo. A 59 questions survey was given to 550 participants at different site during the morning briefing session. Participants were selected randomly irrespective of gender, age, cultural diversity, race, academic level, colour, creed or HIV status. Participants were briefed for five minutes and asked to answer questions based on the knowledge they had on HIV/AIDS. All questions were closed ended and was easy to answer and required fewer instructions and could be answered even by participants with lower educational level. Questionnaires were collected immediately after being filled and four hundred and twenty were correctly completed with no faults one hundred and thirty (130) were void because of errors. The levels of knowledge and attitudes held by the participants with regard to HIV/AIDS was high 69% but low with knowledge of workplace HIV/AIDS programme, which was 13.2%. According to results there was less or no discrimination in the workplace and even in the community in all participants this amounted to 10, 5%. Stigma is a serious problem which need to be addressed, fear of contracting HIV/AIDS, negative judgements about people living with HIV/AIDS and compounded stigma, is very high at 78%. Stigma creates barriers to HIV/AIDS, prevention and disease management, it makes people to be afraid of rejection and chose to keep their status to them self and not to seek help. The hypothesis of the study was not supported, even though there were respondents who said they could not stomach working, or living with HIV positive people, but it was difficult to measure the level of stigma and discrimination, the results were be weighed on the number of responses that indicated that there individual who have had secondary experience or directly involve with the acts of discrimination regard to stigma and discrimination. The level of stigma and discrimination could not be measured accurately.
A possible future of HIV and Aids management in the school education sector in South Africa
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008-03) Burger, Amelia; Du Toit, J. B.; Augustyn, J. C. D.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
“My country is dying. It depends on our young people to ensure that it stays alive, because the adults are not doing it. We children are not supposed to do it, but we should rather prepare ourselves for it. We must help each other to keep alive, stay safe and protect our brothers, sisters, cousins and friends against HIV and Aids.” – Alexandra, 13 years old (www.uneca.org). The previous secretary-general of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, quoted these words at the Africa Development Forum in December 2000. There are millions of children like Alexandra in South Africa and the rest of the continent. And she’s right. Sometimes HIV and Aids are the very factors that form the social, political and economic circumstances in which the pandemic thrives – and that creates a downward spiral (UNAIDS (a), 2005). If one thinks of young people, one inadvertently thinks of the education sector, which happens to be one of the sectors in which HIV and Aids have the greatest impact, on the supply as well as the demand side. The development and implementation of policy in this sector will be of crucial importance in determining how the epidemic will grow (or not), in South Africa and elsewhere. In 2005 the advocacy organisation UNAIDS published a book containing three scenarios on how HIV and Aids could develop in Africa over the next two decades as a result of decisions made today: 1. Africa takes a stand and makes tough choices; 2. Africa gets caught in the traps we face today; 3. Africa and the rest of the world stand together and overcome the pandemic (UNAIDS (a), 2005). The Africa Centre for HIV/Aids Management at Stellenbosch University offers postgraduate courses in the workplace management of HIV and Aids. One of the assignments students at this centre had to do focused on developing a human resources strategy for their workplace. A high number of these students work in the education sector, either at provincial departments of education or as school teachers. Their assignments provide details on how HIV and Aids are currently managed, as well as recommendations for the future (Africa Centre for HIV/Aids Management (c). 2005/6). In this document the assignments of students from the education sector are analysed. They are compared with the abovementioned three scenarios, with the purpose of trying to determine the direction in which the education sector in South Africa is heading concerning the management of HIV and Aids.
Preventing mother to child transmission : follow up for babies and infant feeding for HIV positive mothers in Khomas region, Namibia
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Friis, Fredericka Ndeshi; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was carried out at Windhoek Central and Katutura Hospitals, Khomas Region, Namibia. Mothers living with HIV who have children aged 0-3 years participated in the study. It examined factors and the rationale why the majority of HIV positive mothers choose breastfeeding despite the risk of infecting their infants with HIV. It further aimed to establish the effectiveness of infant feeding counseling offered to pregnant women at ante natal clinics. The second part involved key informants from government ministries, local government and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to determine specific programmes for mothers living with HIV in their institutions. Evidence was gathered from mothers living with HIV through questionnaires and documentation. The study revealed that mothers were offered counselling: 52.2% from nurses, 30.4% doctors and 17.4% HIV and AIDS Counsellors. Advice provided included the means on how to minimise HIV transmission during pregnancy, birth and during breastfeeding. Infant feeding options were discuss but breastfeeding was mainly recommended. The quality of counselling was not established. A number of women would like to understand more why mix feeding is not appropriate. The majority of respondents 72.4% said they breastfed their children, 25.0% used formula milk while 2.6% mixed feeding. Reasons for their choices comprised lack of money to buy formula milk and advice from the health workers. Respondents knew that HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her infant, and therefore preferred formula milk. However, they were not in a position to buy formula milk. It is thus recommended that government should consider providing formula milk to such mothers.
What impact does HIV/AIDS workplace policy have on HIV/AIDS management in Mdantsane high schools, in East London
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Ndobo, Nontsikelelo Gwendoline; Du Toit, J. B.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
In this minithesis, I explore the impact of the well addressed comprehensive HIV/AIDS workplace policy in the effective management of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Mdantsane high schools. The research conveniently made use of six Mdantsane high schools in analysing their HIV/AIDS workplace policies. In the study I critically assess and analyse the contents of the policies, whether they adhere to the International Labour Organisations (ILO) key areas for a workplace policy, as well as to the National HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy for Institutions and Schools. I establish the importance of a workplace policy in providing the framework for action to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS and managing its impact. I then argue that the positive difference in the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS policy depends on the programmes encompassed in it, like protection of rights of employees affected by HIV/AIDS, prevention through information, education and training as well as care and support for workers and their families.
Why despite the curriculum (life skills/orientation) offered by the department of education in schools, teenagers in Mthatha dictrict of the Eastern Cape continue to contract and die from HIV/AIDS, continue to be vulnerable to STIs and teenage girls continue to fall pregnant
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012-03) Mcutshenge, Nomna Nombulelo Pheolla; Du Toit, J. B.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Voluntary counselling and testing in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has an important role to play in Lesotho‟s response to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic among women of childbearing age. In fact, the cornerstone of a successful PMTCT programme is a high level of HIV testing among pregnant women in order to identify who are positive and at risk of transmitting the virus to their babies. For effective PMTCT, there is a need to integrate voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) into antenatal care and maternity care, rather than providing it through a separate VCT unit. There is also a need to understand that counselling and HIV testing must be confidential and voluntary, and the qualities of these services have a high impact on the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services. Aim This study is aimed at establishing the current knowledge of PMTCT among pregnant women who attend counselling in order to improve counselling services and transmission of HIV among them during pregnancy at Mabote Clinic, Tsepong in Lesotho. Method A well-structured questionnaire was administered to thirty (30) women registering for the first time for antenatal care. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts. The first part was to determine the bio-data and socio-economic status of the women, the second to explore their general knowledge of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) while the last part was knowledge of counselling. The study was conducted between 22nd August and September 30, 2011 and the sample, consisted of 30 women aged between 18 and 49 years. Results It was found out that the majority of the women were married (60%) and 50% were aged between 21-30 years. The majority (87%) have heard about prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) but only 10% knew that the HIV could be transmitted through other ways. About 87% of them knew that HIV could be transmitted through sexual intercourse; also 83% of them knew that the virus could be transmitted from the infected pregnant mother to unborn child. The knowledge on mother to child transmission was high; as only 77% knew that HIV could be transmitted during breastfeeding, 70% knew that HIV could be transmitted during pregnancy while 60% knew that the virus could be transmitted during delivery through the vagina. Knowledge of drugs to prevent transmission was also found to be on the high side. Conclusion It can be concluded that a high percentage of women had heard of the PMTCT and there was an in-depth knowledge of the modes of transmission especially mother to child transmission. Willingness to undertake an HIV test was mainly for the protection of the baby. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare should develop guidelines on PMTCT for pregnant women and create more VCT centres. Generally, there should be more education on HIV/AIDS for the public and also it should form part of the school curriculum.

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