Eskatologiese/apokaliptiese oorlog tussen goed en kwaad in die Zoroastrisme, die Judaismse (Qumran) en 'n vroeg-Christelike geskrif (Die apokalips)
Date
2008-03
Authors
Louw-Kritzinger, Ellie Maria
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
Abstract
Since time immemorial and throughout the centuries up to the present, the struggle between Good
and Evil has played a cardinal role in the “cultural web” of mankind. In the various religions, this
dimension of life is linked to the theological issue of human suffering and need in the light of
Divine Omnipotence and Grace. Some of the earliest prophets/compilers/authors expressed their
own perspectives on this ongoing conflict and burning question.
This comparative research stems from a statement by the well-known Iranologist, Mary Boyce. She
described the origin of the Christian faith as a new religion that developed out of Judaism, enriched
by contact with the old Persian religion, Zoroastrianism. Other researchers also described various
aspects of the dualism, eschatology, angelology and demonology, as well as the cosmogony and
purity laws, as “obvious” similarities. However, researchers have not yet reached consensus on the
possible influence exercised by Zoroastrianism on Judaism and the early Christian writings.
The aim of the study is to make a contribution to the ongoing debate from another perspective.
Writings from the religions are juxtaposed in full, and analysed and compared according to the war
theme and components arising from the writings themselves. A holistic approach offers a more
structured starting -point for further research rather to opposing aspects randomly from a large
variety of texts. The holistic approach draws attention to similarities as well as differences.
Keywords out of each analysis of a component have been placed in a framework to present the
summarising comparison more compactly.
Historical and literary contexts play an important role in a comparative study. The writings of the
three religions originated in four major eras: the Bronze Age/the Sasanian Period, the Hellenistic
Era and the Roman Era. The characteristic dualism of Zoroastrianism is limited to the
eschatological/apocalyptic war as it is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra. References are also made
to the “later” apocalyptic writing, the Bahman Yasht. The most relevant writing in the Judaism
(Qumran) is the War Scroll. Richard Bauckham has described Revelations as the “Christian War
Scroll”.
The analysis of the various aspects shows that core principles in the religions underlie the war
themes. Some of the proper names contain defining elements in the determination of dualism and
monotheism. Planning and weapons are main components in the strategy of the war - the
“revelation” of the modus operandi. The eschatology is caught up in the ultimate end of the war.
In the final chapter, the main corresponding elements are placed on a “scale” and “weighed”.
Although no further “lexical links” – the weight-bearing criteria of García Martínez – have been
found in this study, the amount of corresponding aspects in merely one text per religion is
significant. Differences and unique imagery/symbolism put each writing in its own time-slot and
framework.
Description
Thesis (DPhil (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
Keywords
Dualisme, Apokaliptiek, Eskatologiese oorlog, Good and evil -- Religious aspects -- Judaism, Goed en kwaad, Dualism, War in literature, Dissertations -- Ancient studies, Theses -- Ancient studies, Apocalypse, Dissertations -- Ancient studies, Theses -- Ancient studies