The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression : addressing barriers to screening for depression and anxiety disorders in hypertension and/or diabetes
Date
2018-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AOSIS
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of screening tools for common mental disorders that can
be applied across cultures, languages and levels of education in people with diabetes and
hypertension.
Aim: To develop a visual screening tool for depression and anxiety disorders that is applicable
across cultures and levels of education.
Setting: Participants were purposively recruited from two not-for-profit organisations and
two public health facilities – a maternal mental health unit and a primary health care centre.
Method: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study. Thirteen drawings based on the Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale depicting symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression were
drawn. Participants described emotions and thoughts depicted in the drawings. Data were
analysed through content analysis.
Results: Thirty-one women (66%) and 16 men (34%) participated in the development of
the visual screening tool. The mean age was 34 (standard deviation [SD] 12.46). There were
32 (68%) black participants, 11 (23%) mixed race participants and 4 (9%) white participants.
Two participants (4%) had no schooling, 14 (31%) primary schooling, 8 (18%) senior schooling,
13 (29%) matric qualification and 8 (18%) had post-matric qualification. Participants correctly
described 10 out of the 13 visual depiction of symptoms as associated with depression and
anxiety disorders, with no differences between levels of education and cultural groups.
Conclusion: Ten drawings were appropriate for inclusion in the visual screening tool for
anxiety disorders and depression (VISTAD). The VISTAD will be validated against the mini
international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) in a primary care population with hypertension
and/or diabetes.
Description
CITATION: Ogle, Z., Koen, L., & Niehaus, D.J.H. 2018. The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression: Addressing barriers to screening for depression and anxiety disorders in hypertension and/or diabetes. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 10(1):a1721, doi:10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1721.
The original publication is available at https://phcfm.org
The Doctoral degree for this article is available at http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105209
The original publication is available at https://phcfm.org
The Doctoral degree for this article is available at http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105209
Keywords
Visual screening -- Visual screening tool, Anxiety disorders, Depression, Hypertension, Diabetes, Mental disorders
Citation
Ogle, Z., Koen, L., & Niehaus, D.J.H. 2018. The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression: Addressing barriers to screening for depression and anxiety disorders in hypertension and/or diabetes. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 10(1):a1721, doi:10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1721.