Gastroenterology

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    Colorectal cancer is associated with increased circulating lipopolysaccharide, inflammation and hypercoagulability
    (Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 2020-05-29) De Waal, Greta M.; De Villiers, Willem J. S.; Forgan, Timothy; Roberts, Timothy; Pretorius, Etheresia
    Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development of a dysfunctional gut barrier, facilitating the translocation of bacteria and inflammagens, and is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Such ‘leaky gut’ conditions result in systemic inflammation, of which a hallmark is increased hypercoagulability. Fluorescence antibody confocal microscopy was used to determine circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in control and CRC populations. Here we showed that circulating levels of LPS are significantly elevated in the CRC population. We also showed that markers of inflammation and hypercoagulability are increased in this population. Furthermore, anomalous blood clotting and structural changes in blood components are presented. Importantly, the association between LPS levels, inflammation, and hematological dysfunction was analysed. Statistical regression models were applied to identify markers with strong association with CRC, and to investigate the correlation between markers. A core aim is enhanced biomarker discovery for CRC. We conclude that circulating LPS can promote systemic inflammation and contribute to the development of a pathological coagulation system, with resulting chronic inflammation and an activated coagulation system implicated in tumorigenesis. Blood-based screening tools are an emerging research area of interest for CRC screening. We propose the use of additional (novel) biomarkers to effectively screen for CRC.
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    A comparison of 4-week peptic ulcer healing rates following treatment with antacids and ranitidine
    (Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 1984-06) Bezuidenhout, D. J. J.; Perold, J. G.; Adams, G.
    Eighty-eight patients with endoscopically proven gastric and duodenal ulceration were treated with ranitidine (Zantac; Glaxo) or an antacid preparation containing aluminium hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate (Gelusil; Warner) over a 4-week period to assess healing. Clinical, haematological and biochemical assessment and endoscopy were performed at the beginning and at the end of this period. Of the duodenal ulcers, 74% healed on ranitidine therapy and 63% on Gelusil. This difference was not statistically significant (χ2(1) = 0,55). Of the gastric ulcers 58% healed on ranitidine therapy and 35% on Gelusil, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (χ2(1) = 1,79). There was no significant difference between the two therapies with regard to symptomatic relief in the duodenal ulcer group, but ranitidine produced significantly better results in the gastric ulcer group. No side-effects were noted in either group.
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    Folate levels in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving sulphasalazine
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1984) Schoeman, M.; Bezuidenhout, D. J. J.
    The question of folate deficiency in patients receiving sulphasalazine is still controversial. A random sample of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving sulphasalazine were studied to determine the clinical significance of the inhibition of folic acid absorption by the drug. No significant lowering of folate levels could be determined.
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    Hydatid cysts simulating massive ascites : a case report
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986) Adams, G.; Bezuidenhout, D. J. J.
    A patient with the clinical features of massive ascites was found to have extensive intra-abdominal hydatid cysts.
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    Reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire in dyspepsia : a six-country study
    (BioMed Central, 2008-01-31) Kulich, Karoly R.; Madisch, Ahmed; Pacini, Franco; Pique, Jose M.; Regula, Jaroslaw; Van Rensburg, Christo J.; Ujszaszy, Laszlo; Carlsson, Jonas; Halling, Katarina; Wiklund, Ingela K.
    Background: Symptoms of dyspepsia significantly disrupt patients' lives and reliable methods of assessing symptom status are important for patient management. The aim of the current study was to document the psychometric characteristics of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD) in Afrikaans, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Spanish patients with dyspepsia. Methods: 853 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia completed the GSRS, the QOLRAD, the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the GSRS was 0.43-0.87 and of the QOLRAD 0.79-0.95. Test-retest reliability of the GSRS was 0.36-0.75 and of the QOLRAD 0.41-0.82. GSRS Abdominal pain domain correlated significantly with all QOLRAD domains in most language versions, and with SF-36 Bodily pain in all versions. QOLRAD domains correlated significantly with the majority of SF-36 domains in most versions. Both questionnaires were able to differentiate between patients whose health status differed according to symptom frequency and severity. Conclusion: The psychometric characteristics of the different language versions of the GSRS and QOLRAD were found to be good, with acceptable reliability and validity. The GSRS and QOLRAD were found to be useful for evaluating dyspeptic symptoms and their impact on patients' daily lives in multinational clinical trials. © 2008 Kulich et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.