Longitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old children

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dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Martha J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRobertson, Frances C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLittle, Francescaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRandall, Steven R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Mark F.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVan der Kouwe, Andre J. W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLaughton, Barbaraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMeintjes, Ernesta M.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-25T13:47:49Z
dc.date.available2019-02-25T13:47:49Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionCITATION: Holmes, M. J., et al. 2017. Longitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old children. PLoS ONE, 12(7):e0180973, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180973.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://journals.plos.org/plosone
dc.description.abstractLongitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies reveal significant changes in brain structure and structural networks that occur together with cognitive and behavioral maturation in childhood. However, the underlying cellular changes accompanying brain maturation are less understood. Examining regional agerelated changes in metabolite levels provides insight into the physiology of neurodevelopment. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures localize brain metabolism. The majority of neuroimaging studies of healthy development are from the developed world. In a longitudinal MRS study of 64 South African children aged 5 to 10 years old (29 female; 29 HIV exposed, uninfected), we examined the age-related trajectories of creatine (Cr +PCr), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), the combined NAA+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), choline (GPC+PCh), glutamate (Glu) and the combined Glu+glutamine (Glu +Gln) in voxels within gray and white matter, as well as subcortically in the basal ganglia (BG). In frontal gray matter, we found age-related increases in Cr+PCr, NAA, NAA+NAAG and Glu+Gln levels pointing to synaptic activity likely related to learning. In the BG we observed increased levels of Glu, Glu+Gln and NAA+NAAG with age that point to subcortical synaptic reorganization. In white matter, we found increased levels of Cr+PCr, NAA, NAA+NAAG, Glu and Glu+Gln with age, implicating these metabolites in ongoing myelination. We observed no sex-age or HIV exposure-age interactions, indicating that physiological changes are independent of sex during this time period. The metabolite trajectories presented, therefore, provide a critical benchmark of normal cellular growth for a low socioeconomic pediatric population in the developing world against which pathology and abnormal development may be compared.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180973
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent14 pages
dc.identifier.citationHolmes, M. J., et al. 2017. Longitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old children. PLoS ONE, 12(7):e0180973, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180973
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180973
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105470
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectBrain -- Metabolismen_ZA
dc.subjectBrain -- Growthen_ZA
dc.subjectMetabolitesen_ZA
dc.subjectChild developmenten_ZA
dc.subjectGrowth factorsen_ZA
dc.subjectMagnetic resonance imagingen_ZA
dc.subjectDiffusion tensor imagingen_ZA
dc.titleLongitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old childrenen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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