Toxic metal implications on agricultural soils, plants, animals, aquatic life and human health

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dc.contributor.authorOkereafor, Uchennaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMakhatha, Mamookhoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMekuto, Lukhanyoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorUche-Okereafor, Nkemdinmaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSebola, Tendanien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMavumengwana, Vuyoen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-06T13:36:33Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2022-09-06T13:36:33Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2020-03en_ZA
dc.descriptionCITATION: Okereafor, U. et al. 2020. Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph17072204en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphen_ZA
dc.description.abstractThe problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem. There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into the environment, farmlands, plants, livestock and subsequently humans through the food chain. Most of the toxic metal cases in Africa and other developing nations are a result of industrialization coupled with poor effluent disposal and management. Due to widespread mining activities in South Africa, pollution is a common site with devastating consequences on the health of animals and humans likewise. In recent years, talks on toxic metal pollution had taken center stage in most scientific symposiums as a serious health concern. Very high levels of toxic metals have been reported in most parts of South African soils, plants, animals and water bodies due to pollution. Toxic metals such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Arsenic (As) are major mining effluents from tailings which contaminate both the surface and underground water, soil and food, thus affecting biological function, endocrine systems and growth. Environmental toxicity in livestock is traceable to pesticides, agrochemicals and toxic metals. In this review, concerted efforts were made to condense the information contained in literature regarding toxic metal pollution and its implications in soil, water, plants, animals, marine life and human health.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2204en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublishers versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent24 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationOkereafor, U. et al. 2020. Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph17072204en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601 (online)en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827 (print)en_ZA
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3390/ijerph17072204en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125698en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectHeavy metalsen_ZA
dc.subjectContamination of environmenten_ZA
dc.subjectMetal wastesen_ZA
dc.subjectTailings damsen_ZA
dc.titleToxic metal implications on agricultural soils, plants, animals, aquatic life and human healthen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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