Chemoprevention of LA7-induced mammary tumor growth by SM6Met, a well-characterized cyclopia extract

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dc.contributor.authorOyenihi, Omolola R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKrygsman, Annadieen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVerhoog, Nicoletteen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDe Beer, Daleneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSaayman, Michael J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMouton, Thys M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLouw, Annen_ZA
dc.contributor.editorWong, Vincent Kam Waien_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-01T06:48:53Z
dc.date.available2018-10-01T06:48:53Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionCITATION: Oyenihi. O. R. et al. 2018. Chemoprevention of LA7-induced mammary tumor growth by SM6Met, a well-characterized cyclopia extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9:650, doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00650.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.frontiersin.org
dc.description.abstractBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Chemoprevention of BC by using plant extracts is gaining attention. SM6Met, a wellcharacterized extract of Cyclopia subternata with reported selective estrogen receptor subtype activity, has shown tumor suppressive effects in a chemically induced BC model in rats, which is known to be estrogen responsive. However, there is no information on the estrogen sensitivity of the relatively new orthotopic model of LA7 cell-induced mammary tumors. In the present study, the potential chemopreventative and side-effect profile of SM6Met on LA7 cell-induced tumor growth was evaluated, as was the effects of 17b-estradiol and standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen (TAM), letrozole (LET), and fulvestrant (FUL). Tumor growth was observed in the tumorvehicle control group until day 10 post tumor induction, which declined afterward on days 12–14. SM6Met suppressed tumor growth to the same extent as TAM, while LET, but not FUL, also showed substantial anti-tumor effects. Short-term 17b-estradiol treatment reduced tumor volume on days prior to day 10, whereas tumor promoting effects were observed during long-term treatment, which was especially evident at later time points. Marked elevation in serum markers of liver injury, which was further supported by histological evaluation, was observed in the vehicle-treated tumor control, TAM, LET, and long-term 17b-estradiol treatment groups. Alterations in the lipid profiles were also observed in the 17b-estradiol treatment groups. In contrast, SM6Met did not augment the increase in serum levels of liver injury biomarkers caused by tumor induction and no effect was observed on lipid profiles. In summary, the results from the current study demonstrate the chemopreventative effect of SM6Met on mammary tumor growth, which was comparable to that of TAM, without eliciting the negative side-effects observed with this SOC endocrine therapy. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed some responsiveness of LA7-induced tumors to estrogen and SOC endocrine therapies. Thus, this model may be useful in evaluating potential endocrine therapies for hormone responsive BC. Keywords: chemoprevention, Cyclopia, mammary tumor, phytoestrogen, tamoxifen, letrozole, fulvestranten_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00650/full
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent18 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationOyenihi. O. R. et al. 2018. Chemoprevention of LA7-induced mammary tumor growth by SM6Met, a well-characterized cyclopia extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9:650, doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00650.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1663-9812 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00650
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104543
dc.publisherFrontiersen_ZA
dc.rights.holderFrontiers in Pharmacologyen_ZA
dc.subjectBreast -- Cancer -- Alternative treatmenten_ZA
dc.subjectMammary tumor -- Chemopreventionen_ZA
dc.subjectCyclopiaen_ZA
dc.subjectPhytoestrogensen_ZA
dc.titleChemoprevention of LA7-induced mammary tumor growth by SM6Met, a well-characterized cyclopia extracten_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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