A work-life perspective on the subjective wellbeing of social workers

Date
2022-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Social work was declared a scarce skill in South Africa in 2003, as confirmed by the Department of Labour and listed accordingly in the sector skills plan of the Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority in 2008. The profession has since been struggling to survive in the welfare system, which resulted in a challenge to render services to people in need, without enough social workers to do the work. The focus of the Recruitment and Retention Strategy for Social Workers, as mandated by the Minister of Social Development, was to highlight aspects that can have a negative influence on social workers and ultimately on the quality of services rendered to service users. To exacerbate the situation, social workers are facing many challenges in South Africa, such as poor salaries, poor working conditions, insufficient infrastructure, unsafe environments, lack of resources, very high caseloads, and high turnover; to name a few. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an array of situations needed the attention of frontline social workers, who already faced high caseloads and who were expected to push aside their own families’ challenges to render services in often unsafe environments in uncertain times. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the subjective wellbeing of social workers from a work-life perspective. Social workers’ wellbeing is important to uphold service delivery of a high quality, while the social workers’ wellbeing and happiness in the profession deserve immediate attention. This study shows the connection between the subjective wellbeing of social workers in both the work and life domains and connect it to the eight dimensions of wellness; in other words, their holistic wellbeing. The conceptual framework of the study synthesises work-life balance and subjective wellbeing with the eight dimensions of wellness, namely emotional, financial, social, spiritual, occupational, physical, intellectual, and environmental dimensions. In this qualitative study, the exploratory and descriptive research designs were deemed appropriate, together with an interpretivist paradigm. It allowed for in-depth exploration of particular issues (work-life perspective and the subjective wellbeing of social workers) that have been studied insufficiently, and developing new ideas on the topic, as well as to connect the information to the eight dimensions of wellness. Non-probability purposive sampling is criterion based and was employed in this study. The participants (11 frontline social workers and 12 supervisors), who contributed in their personal capacity, provided rich and valuable data for the study. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule with open-ended questions. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the interviews were conducted using the Zoom platform. For this study, Tesch’s thematic, descriptive approach was utilised to analyse the data. The findings from the empirical investigation revealed that the social worker participants felt stressed and overworked and that they do not receive adequate supervisory support, other than related to work issues, and they admitted to struggling with work-life balance. The participants echoed that there is a spill over from the work to the family domain and vice versa. Therefore, the challenge is not so much to balance the work roles with the rest of one’s life, but rather to balance the different roles in one’s life. The key recommendations were for social workers to undergo South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP)-accredited courses, that prospective social work students should be screened for the course, that organisations should commit to support their staff, and that wellness programmes and the orientation programme for the first two years of employment of frontline social workers should be registered with the SACSSP for Continuous Professional Development points.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskaplike werk is in 2003 tot ’n skaars vaardigheid in Suid-Afrika verklaar, soos deur die Departement van Arbeid bevestig en dienooreenkomstig in die sektorvaardigheidsplan van die Gesondheid- en Welsynsektor Onderwys- en Opleidingsowerheid in 2008 gelys. Die professie sukkel sedertdien om in die welsynstelsel te oorleef, wat gelei het tot ’n uitdaging om dienste aan mense in nood te lewer, sonder genoeg maatskaplike werkers om die werk te doen. Die fokus van die Werwing- en Retensiestrategie vir Maatskaplike Werkers, soos opdrag gegee deur die Minister van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, was om die aspekte uit te lig wat ’n negatiewe invloed kan he op maatskaplike werkers en uiteindelik op die gehalte van dienste wat aan diensgebruikers gelewer word. Om die situasie te vererger, staar maatskaplike werkers in Suid-Afrika baie uitdagings in die gesig, soos swak salarisse, swak werksomstandighede, onvoldoende infrastruktuur, onveilige omgewings, gebrek aan hulpbronne, baie hoe gevalleladings, en hoe omset; om ’n paar te noem. Gedurende die COVID-19-pandemie het ’n verskeidenheid situasies die aandag van maatskaplike werkers in die eerste linie vereis, wat reeds hoe gevalleladings in die gesig gestaar het en van wie verwag is om hul eie gesinne se uitdagings opsy te skuif om dienste in dikwels onveilige omgewings en in onsekere tye te lewer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n begrip te verkry van die subjektiewe welstand van maatskaplike werkers vanuit ’n werk-lewe-perspektief. Maatskaplike werkers se welstand is belangrik om dienslewering van ’n hoe gehalte te handhaaf, terwyl die maatskaplike werkers se welstand en geluk in die beroep onmiddellike aandag verdien. Hierdie studie toon die verband tussen die subjektiewe welstand van maatskaplike werkers in beide die werk- en lewensdomeine aan en verbind dit met die agt dimensies van welstand; met ander woorde, hul holistiese welstand. Die konseptuele raamwerk van hierdie studie sintetiseer werk-lewe-balans en subjektiewe welstand met die agt dimensies van welstand, naamlik emosionele, finansiële, sosiale, geestelike, beroepsgerigte, fisiese, intellektuele, en omgewingsdimensies. In hierdie kwalitatiewe studie is die verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerpe toepaslik geag, tesame met ’n interpretivistiese paradigma. Dit het voorsiening gemaak vir in-diepte verkenning van bepaalde kwessies (werk-lewe-perspektief en die subjektiewe welstand van maatskaplike werkers) wat tot dusver onvoldoende is, en die ontwikkeling van nuwe idees oor die onderwerp, sowel as om die inligting te verbind met die agt dimensies van welstand. Nie-waarskynlikheidsdoelgerigte steekproefneming is kriterium gebaseer en is in hierdie studie gebruik. Hierdie deelnemers (11 eerste linie-maatskaplike werkers en 12 supervisors), wie in hul persoonlike hoedanigheid aan die navorsing deel geneem het, het ryk en waardevolle data tot die studie bygedra. Die navorser het onderhoude met die deelnemers gevoer met behulp van ’n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudskedule met oop vrae. As gevolg van die COVID-19-pandemie het die navorser die onderhoude met behulp van die Zoom-platform gevoer. Vir hierdie studie is Tesch se tematiese, beskrywende benadering gebruik om die data te ontleed. Die bevindinge van die empiriese ondersoek het getoon dat die maatskaplike werker deelnemers gespanne en oorwerk gevoel het en dat hulle nie voldoende supervisie-ondersteuning ontvang nie, buiten soos dit verband hou met werkskwessies, en hulle het erken dat hulle sukkel met werk-lewe-balans. Die deelnemers het beklemtoon dat daar ’n oorspoeling is van die werk na die familiedomein en omgekeerd. Die uitdaging is dus nie soseer om die werksrolle met die res van ’n mens se lewe te balanseer nie, maar eerder om die verskillende rolle in ’n mens se lewe te balanseer. Die belangrikste aanbevelings was dat maatskaplike werkers kursusse moet bywoon wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad vir Maatskaplike Diensberoepe (SARMD) geakkrediteer is, dat voornemende maatskaplikewerkstudente vir die kursus gekeur moet word, dat organisasies hul moet verbind daartoe om hul personeel te ondersteun, en dat welstandsprogramme, sowel as die orienteringsprogram vir die eerste twee jaar diens van maatskaplike werkers in die eerste linie, by die SARMD vir Voortdurende Professionele Ontwikkelingspunte geregistreer moet word.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.
Keywords
Employee health promotion, Work environment, South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP), Employee turnover, Social workers, Work-life balance, Well-being, UCTD
Citation