Sub-sampled exponential analysis in antenna applications

Date
2024-03
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of sub-sampled exponential analysis in antenna applications is appealing for multiple reasons. The computational time of simulations using sparse as opposed to dense sampling is significantly lower, and in the case of spatial sampling, sparse samples lead to an increased resolution. In this dissertation, we investigate the use of a sub-sampled exponential analysis method called VEXPA in three different antenna applications. The first application is the use of one-bit data in the sparse direction-of-estimation (DOA) estimation problem. Sparse arrays are desirable for the fact that they have less mutual coupling and an increased resolution compared to a dense array with the same number of antenna elements. The quantisation step of converting the incoming analogue signals to their digital equivalents introduces another layer of complexity to the traditional problem. In Part 1 of this dissertation, we show how VEXPA can be applied to the onebit DOA estimation problem, adding the feature of estimating the number of incoming signals. Part 2 discusses the application of antenna position estimation using VEXPA, which is essentially the inverse of the DOA estimation problem. In sparse irregular arrays, it is helpful to have the ability to obtain the precise element positions after the installation phase, since this requires less accuracy when placing the elements. By accurately estimating the antenna positions, the accidental case of an antenna cable connected to the wrong receiver can also be detected and flagged. The method makes use of harmonically related signals transmitted from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at a known position in the sky. Finally, the application of the characterisation of frequency ripple in reflector systems is discussed in Part 3. In small reflector systems, a ripple across frequency appears in the radiation pattern due to the interference of sub reflector diffracted fields and main reflector reflected fields. This ripple translates to figures of merit such as the sensitivity, antenna noise temperature and aperture efficiency and it is therefore important to be characterised. It is both shown how the electric fields can be sub-sampled and subsequently reconstructed, as well as how the frequency components can be identified from a densely-sampled antenna noise temperature function.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van yl-gemonsterde eksponensi¨ele analise in antennatoepassings is aantreklik vir verskeie redes. Die berekeningstyd van simulasies wat yl in teenstelling met digte monsterneming gebruik, is aansienlik laer, en in die geval van ruimtelike monsterneming, lei yl monsters tot ’n verhoogde resolusie. In hierdie proefskrif ondersoek ons die gebruik van ’n yl-gemonsterde eksponensi¨ele analise metode genaamd VEXPA in drie verskillende antenna toepassings. Die eerste toepassing is die gebruik van een-bis data in die yl rigting-afskatting probleem. Yl antennaskikkings is voordelig vir die feit dat hulle minder onderlinge koppeling en ’n verhoogde resolusie het in vergelyking met ’n digte skikking met dieselfde aantal antenna-elemente. Die kwantiseringstap, wat die inkomende analoogseine omskakel na hul digitale ekwivalente, stel nog ’n laag van kompleksiteit aan die tradisionele probleem bekend. In Deel 1 van hierdie proefskrif wys ons hoe VEXPA toegepas kan word op die een-bis rigting-afskatting probleem, en voeg die vermo¨e by om die aantal inkomende seine af te skat. Deel 2 bespreek die toepassing van antenna posisie afskatting deur gebruik te maak van VEXPA, wat in wese die omgekeerde van die rigting-afskatting probleem is. In yl onre¨elmatige skikkings is dit nuttig om die vermo¨e te hˆe om die presiese elementposisies n`a die installasiefase te verkry, aangesien dit minder akkuraatheid vereis tydens die plasing van die elemente. Deur die antennaposisies akkuraat af te skat, kan die toevallige geval van ’n antennakabel wat aan die verkeerde ontvanger gekoppel is, ook opgespoor en gemerk word. Die metode maak gebruik van harmonies-verwante seine wat vanaf ’n onbemande lugvoertuig op ’n bekende posisie in die lug uitgesaai word. Laastens word die toepassing van die karakterisering van frekwensie-rimpeling in reflektorstelsels in Deel 3 bespreek. In klein reflektorstelsels verskyn ’n rimpeling oor frekwensie in die stralingspatroon, as gevolg van die interferensie van diffraksie velde van die subreflektor en weerkaatsvelde van die hoofreflektor. Hierdie rimpeling vertaal na verdienstesyfers soos die sensitiwiteit, antenna ruistemperatuur en stralingsvlak benuttingsgraad, en dus is dit belangrik om gekarakteriseer te word. Dit word beide getoon hoe die elektriese velde yl-gemonster en daarna gerekonstrueer kan word, sowel as hoe die frekwensiekomponente ge¨ıdentifiseer kan word vanaf ’n dig-gemonsterde antenna ruistemperatuurfunksie.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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