Intensity and direction of anxiety and self-confidence among elite South African crawl stroke swimmers and its relationship to performance
Date
2006
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity and
direction (i.e., perceived effect) of anxiety and self-confidence among
elite South African crawl stroke swimmers as well as its relationship
to the performance of this population. Fifteen men (19.0:t 3.36 years)
and 12 women (17.7:t 2.45 years) finalists of at least one crawl stroke
item during the South African Swimming Championships completed
the Competitive State Anxiety Questionnaire Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) of
Martens et al (1990) with an added Facilitative/Debilitative scale (Jones
and Swain, 1992). Low to moderate relationships existed between the
three psychological constructs levels and swimming performances.
Significant (p<0.05) correlations were observed among the women
swimmers for the perceived effect of somatic state anxiety and cognitive
state anxiety with performance respectively. Standard multiple
regression analyses showed that the performances of women swimmers
were more related to their perception of cognitive state anxiety towards
performance (-39.85%), while that of men swimmers were more related
to their perception of state self-confidence (-9.19%). It should, however,
be noted that variables other than the psychological variables included
in this study, were also highly related to swimming performances,
especially in the case of the men.
Description
CITATION: Grobbelaar, H. W. & Coetzee, B. 2006. Intensity and direction of anxiety and self-confidence among elite South African crawl stroke swimmers and its relationship to performance. journal of Human Movement Studies, 50:321-338.
Keywords
Sports -- Psychological aspects, Swimming -- Crawl stroke -- South Africa, Self-confidence -- Swimmers, Anxiety -- Swimmers
Citation
Grobbelaar, H. W. & Coetzee, B. 2006. Intensity and direction of anxiety and self-confidence among elite South African crawl stroke swimmers and its relationship to performance. journal of Human Movement Studies, 50:321-338.