Vitamin D and calcium status in South African adolescents with alcohol use disorders

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dc.contributor.authorNaude, Celeste E.
dc.contributor.authorCarey, Paul D.
dc.contributor.authorLaubscher, Ria
dc.contributor.authorFein, George
dc.contributor.authorSenekal, Marjanne
dc.date.accessioned2013-04-26T06:19:01Z
dc.date.available2013-04-26T06:19:01Z
dc.date.issued2012-08
dc.descriptionPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsen_ZA
dc.description.abstractAdequate vitamin D and calcium are essential for optimal adolescent skeletal development. Adolescent vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and poor calcium intake have been reported worldwide. Heavy alcohol use impacts negatively on skeletal health, which is concerning since heavy adolescent drinking is a rising public health problem. This study aimed to examine biochemical vitamin D status and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D in 12–16 year-old adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUD), but without co-morbid substance use disorders, compared to adolescents without AUD. Substance use, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) concentrations, energy, calcium and vitamin D intakes were assessed in heavy drinkers (meeting DSM-IV criteria for AUD) (n = 81) and in light/non-drinkers without AUD (non-AUD) (n = 81), matched for age, gender, language, socio-economic status and education. Lifetime alcohol dose was orders of magnitude higher in AUD adolescents compared to non-AUD adolescents. AUD adolescents had a binge drinking pattern and "weekends-only" style of alcohol consumption. Significantly lower (p = 0.038) s-25(OH)D (adjusted for gender, smoking, vitamin D intake) were evident in AUD adolescents compared to non-AUD adolescents. High levels of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (s-25(OH)D < 29.9 ng/mL) were prevalent in both groups, but was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in the AUD group (90%) compared to the non-AUD group (70%). All participants were at risk of inadequate calcium and vitamin D intakes (Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method). Both groups were at risk of inadequate calcium intake and had poor biochemical vitamin D status, with binge drinking potentially increasing the risk of the latter. This may have negative implications for peak bone mass accrual and future osteoporosis risk, particularly with protracted binge drinking.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipStellenbosch University Open Access Funden_ZA
dc.description.versionPublishers' versionen_ZA
dc.format.extentp. 1076 - 1094
dc.identifier.citationNaude, C. et al. 2012. Vitamin D and calcium status in South African adolescents with alcohol use disorders. Nutrients, 4(8):1076-1094, doi:10.3390/nu4081076.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1422-8599 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3390/nu4081076
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80697
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthor retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectTeenagers -- Alcohol use -- Heath aspects -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectVitamin D in human nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectCalcium in human nutritionen_ZA
dc.titleVitamin D and calcium status in South African adolescents with alcohol use disordersen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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