An anti-SARS-CoV-2 quantitative study to determine the effect of time on the antibody titre, post-vaccination

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dc.contributor.advisorDe Beer, Corenaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Burnet Adriaanen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology. Medical Virology.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-30T02:38:28Zen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-26T23:19:55Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2024-01-30T02:38:28Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2024-04-26T23:19:55Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2024-01en_ZA
dc.descriptionThesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2019, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China, rapidly evolving to a pandemic. Vaccines such as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)- based and Adenovirus-based, have been developed to counter severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many factors, for example, immunosuppression and prior infection can affect the antibody titre. This study evaluated the effectiveness in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G production and decline over time, indicating the potential requirement for additional boosters. Furthermore, this study focused on how Adenovirus-based vaccine boosters and breakthrough infections affected the antibody titre. A total of 184 samples were collected from two cohorts which consisted of 67 participants. Samples were collected at baseline, week 3, and week 6 post-booster for Cohort A (laboratory workers at the Western Cape Blood Service). Cohort B (staff and students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University) had samples collected at baseline, week 2, week 4 and week 8 post-booster. The samples were tested for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 Anti-nucleocapsid (N) as well as Anti-spike (S) antibodies. The Anti-N antibodies indicated that a participant had a natural infection to SARS-CoV-2 while the Anti-S antibodies were utilised to examine the influence of age, gender and time on vaccine-induced antibodies. This findings of this study demonstrated that vaccine-induced antibodies were still detectable six months following the initial vaccination. A significant increase was observed for both cohorts, when comparing the baseline titre with the different timepoints, post-booster. Multiple samples were found to be Anti-N positive, suggesting that these participants were potential asymptomatic cases. Variations were found in the Anti-S antibody titre based on different age groups, although these variations were not statistically significant. Moreover, the results have indicated that gender does not affect the Anti-S antibody titre. This research enhances the understanding of antibody titre dynamics, contributing to a better grasp of immune longevity. Further studies are recommended to determine the impact of combining different boosters on the antibody titre, and assess the difference in antibody titre between monovalent boosters with bivalent boosters.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2019 het die uitbraak van Ernstige Akute Respiratoriese Sindroom Koronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, voorgekom en vinnig ontwikkel tot 'n pandemie. Boodskapper ribonukleïensuur (mRNA)- en adenovirus-gebaseerde entstowwe is ontwikkel om ernstige koronavirus siekte-19 (COVID-19) te bekamp. Baie faktore, soos immuunonderdrukking en vorige infeksie, kan egter die entstof-titer beïnvloed. Hierdie studie het die doeltreffendheid van Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulien (Ig) G-produksie en afname oor tyd geëvalueer, wat die potensiële behoefte aan addisionele opvolginentings aandui. Verder het hierdie studie gefokus op hoe adenovirusgebaseerde opvolginentings en deurbraakinfeksies die antiliggaam-titer beïnvloed. 'n Totaal van 184 monsters is van twee groepe verkry wat uit 67 deelnemers bestaan het. Monsters is verkry by basislyn, week 3, en week 6 na die opvolginenting vir Groep A (Laboratoriumwerkers by die Wes-Kaapse Bloeddienste). Groep B (personeel en studente by die Fakulteit Geneeskunde en Gesondheidswetenskappe, Universiteit Stellenbosch) het monsters by basislyn, week 2, week 4 en week 8 na die opvolginenting gehad. Die monsters is getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van die SARSCoV-2 Anti-nukleokapsied (N) sowel as Anti-spyker (S) teenliggame. Die Anti-N teenliggame het aangedui dat 'n deelnemer 'n natuurlike infeksie met SARS-CoV-2 gehad het, terwyl die Anti-S teenliggame gebruik is om die invloed van ouderdom, geslag en tyd op entstof-gestimuleerde teenliggame te ondersoek. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het getoon dat entstof-gestimuleerde teenliggame ses maande na die aanvanklike inenting steeds meetbaar was. 'n Beduidendheid is waargeneem vir beide groepe toe die basislyn titer met die verskillende tydpunte vergelyk is na die opvolginenting. Verskeie monsters was Anti-N positief, wat aangedui het dat hierdie deelnemers potensiële asimptomatiese gevalle was. Variasies is gevind in die Anti-S teenliggaam-titer gebaseer op verskeie ouderdomsgroepe, alhoewel hierdie variasies nie beduidend was nie. Verder het die resultate aangedui dat geslag nie die Anti-S teenliggaam-titer beïnvloed nie. Hierdie navorsing dra dus by tot 'n beter begrip van die dinamika van teenliggaam-titers en langdurige immuniteit. Verdere studies word aanbeveel om die impak van die kombinasie van verskillende opvolginentings op die teenliggaam-titer te bepaal, en om die verskil in teenliggaam-titer tussen monovalente en bivalente opvolginentings te assesseer.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxi, 77 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130595en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCOVID-19 (Disease)en_ZA
dc.subject.lcshImmunoglobulinsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshMessenger RNAen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshVaccinationen_ZA
dc.titleAn anti-SARS-CoV-2 quantitative study to determine the effect of time on the antibody titre, post-vaccinationen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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