An exploration of the need for lower limb prosthetic protocols in the South African private healthcare sector

Date
2024-03-01
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: Protocols are informed by evidence and provide guidance during prosthetic component selection and clinical intervention. They help to optimise patient care. If protocols are comprehensive and implemented effectively, they can enhance the quality and consistency of care to prosthetic users. Study aim: To explore and describe the need for a lower limb prosthetic prescription protocol in the private healthcare sector in South Africa. Objectives: ● To critically evaluate existing lower limb prosthetic management frameworks, protocolsand policy in the South African private healthcare sector. ● To explore the experience of lower limb prosthetic users in accessing prosthetic servicesin the private healthcare sector in South Africa. ● To explore perceptions of key informants on the need for lower limb prosthetic protocolsin the South African private healthcare sector. Method: A case study design was used to explore three cases i.e. the Road Accident Fund, Workmen’s Compensation Fund and the Council of Medical Schemes. Data was collected from documents, prosthetic users and key informants. Lower limb prosthetic prescription guidelines; protocols; regulatory frameworks; and policy were sourced and quantitatively evaluated according to the six domains of the Agree II instrument. Seventeen lower limb prosthetic users (beneficiaries from the three cases) sampled through deviant purposive sampling; and seven key informants sampled through expert purposive sampling, participated in online semi-structured interviews. This qualitative data was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Findings: The AGREE II tool showed that across cases the ‘scope and purpose’ domain scored the highest at 50% (WCA), 47.2% (CMS) and 22.2% (RAF). ‘Editorial independence’ scored 0% for all three cases. Other challenging domains were ‘applicability’ with scores of 16.6%, 6.3% and 6.3% and ‘rigour of development’ (7.5%; 30%; 0%). Four cross case themes emerged: ● Prosthesis as functional enabler. The prosthesis restored mobility, normality and qualityof life. A need for a second prosthesis and advanced components was expressed. ● Prosthetic processes and protocol. Users were dissatisfied and frustrated due to longwaiting times, complex and unclear processes. ● Pre and post prosthetic rehabilitation. Access to rehabilitation services were challenging. ● Role of Certified Prosthetist and Orthotist (CPO). The CPO often provided prosthetic userswith guidance to navigate funder systems and secure funding for prosthetic care. Four further themes emerged from key informant interviews: ● Protocol availability and necessity. There was a need for a protocol. ● Purpose of the protocol. A protocol can support equity, ethical and transparent services,appropriate clinical prescription, fair reimbursement and better access to prostheticservices and rehabilitation. ● Protocol development requirements. Collaboration, facilitated by an independent body,should underscore the development of an evidence-based protocol. ● A Representative regulatory body is needed. Conclusion: A protocol is needed to guide prosthetic service delivery in the South African private healthcare sector. It should provide a set standard and transparency. The protocol should be evidence based and formulated by all relevant stakeholders to increase adoption. A protocol can facilitate optimum clinical care, equity, rehabilitation, fair reimbursement as well as enhancing user satisfaction with funder, device and services.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Protokolle word deur literatuur ingelig en gee leiding tydens die keuse van prostetiese komponente en kliniese ingryping. Dit help om pasientsorg te optimaliseer. Anekdotiese inligting dui op 'n gebrek aan protokolle in die lewering van prostetiese dienste in Suid-Afrika. Studiedoel: Om die behoefte aan 'n laer ledemaat-prostetiese voorskrifprotokol in die private gesondheidsorgsektor in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek en te beskryf. Doelstellings: ● Om die bestaande raamwerke, protokolle en beleid van laer ledemaat-prostetiese bestuur in die Suid-Afrikaanse privaatsektor krities te evalueer. ● Om die ervaring van laer ledemaat-prostetiese gebruikers te ondersoek om toegang tot prostetiese dienste in die privaat gesondheidsorgsektor in Suid-Afrika te verkry. ● Om persepsies van sleutelinformante te ondersoek oor die behoefte aan laer ledemaat-prostetiese protokolle in die Suid-Afrikaanse privaatsektor. Metode: 'n Gevallestudie-ontwerp is gebruik om drie sake te ondersoek, naamlik die Padongelukkefonds, die Vergoedingsfonds en die Raad op Mediese Skemas. Data is versamel uit dokumente, prostetiese gebruikers en sleutelinformante. Laer ledemaat-prostetiese voorskrifriglyne, protokolle, regulatoriese raamwerke en beleid is verkry en kwantitatief geevalueer volgens die ses domeine van die AGREE II-instrument. Sewentien prostetiese gebruikers met 'n laer ledemaat (begunstigdes uit die drie gevalle), gemonster deur afwykende suiwerings-monsterneming en sewe sleutelinformante, gemonster deur kundige suiwerings-monsterneming, het aan aanlyn semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude deelgeneem. Hierdie kwalitatiewe gegewens is ontleed deur induktiewe tematiese ontleding. Bevindinge: Die AGREE II-instrument het getoon dat die 'omvang en doel'-domein in gevalle die hoogste op 50% (WCA), 47,2% (CMS) en 22,2% (RAF) behaal het. 'Editoriele onafhanklikheid' het 0% vir al drie sake aangeteken. Ander uitdagende domeine was 'aanspreeklikheid' met 'n aantal van 16,6%, 6,3% en 6,3% en 'strengheid van ontwikkeling' (7,5%; 30%; 0%). Vier kruisgevalle-temas het na vore gekom: ● Prostese as funksionele instaatsteller. Die prostese het mobiliteit, normaliteit en lewensgehalte herstel. 'n Behoefte aan 'n tweede prostese en gevorderde komponente is uitgespreek. ● Prostetiese prosesse en protokol. Gebruikers was ontevrede en gefrustreerd weens lang wagtye, komplekse en onduidelike prosesse. ● Voor- en na prostetiese rehabilitasie. Toegang tot rehabilitasiedienste was uitdagend. ● Rol van gesertifiseerde prototis en ortotis (CPO). Die CPO het dikwels prostetiese gebruikers leiding gegee om finansierdersisteme te navigeer en finansiering vir prostetiese sorg te verseker. Vier verdere temas het ontstaan uit belangrike informantonderhoude: ● Protokol beskikbaarheid en noodsaaklikheid: Daar was 'n behoefte aan 'n protokol. ● Doel van die protokol. 'n Protokol kan ekwiteits-, etiese en deursigtige dienste ondersteun, toepaslike kliniese voorskrif, billike vergoeding en beter toegang tot prostetiese dienste en rehabilitasie verkry. ● Protokol-ontwikkelingsvereistes. Samewerking, gefasiliteer deur 'n onafhanklike liggaam, moet die ontwikkeling van 'n bewysgebaseerde protokol onderstreep. ● n Verteenwoordigende regulerende instansie is nodig. Gevolgtrekking: 'n Protokol is nodig om prostetiese dienslewering in die Suid-Afrikaanse privaatsektor te lei. Dit moet 'n standaard bepaal en deursigtigheid bied. Die protokol moet bewese wees, gebaseer en geformuleer deur alle relevante belanghebbendes om die aanvaarding te verhoog. 'n Protokol kan optimale kliniese sorg, billikheid, rehabilitasie, billike vergoeding vergemaklik en gebruikerstevredenheid met finansierders, toestel en dienste verbeter.
Description
Thesis (MHumanRehabSt)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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