Operational concept for connected and autonomous vehicles in an urban environment

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dc.contributor.advisorAndersen, Simen Johannen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorvan Straten, Armandten_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-31T15:48:28Zen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-18T06:57:35Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2023-01-31T15:48:28Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2023-05-18T06:57:35Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2023-01en_ZA
dc.descriptionThesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Technology has shown great potential in improving the daily lives of people around the world. This also applies to the way people and goods are transported, which could be very different in coming future, especially with the emergence of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). AVs can significantly alter how people and goods are transported, as they offer the possibility of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) that can communicate with other vehicles and roadside infrastructure. A future where all the vehicles on the road are autonomous is not that far-fetched and with the rapid development of AV technologies that future could be soon. Before AVs can be implemented with any hope of success, it is important to try to predict how they would behave and perform on the road network, and what the potential advantages and disadvantages could be when they are finally implemented. The implementation of AVs must be sufficiently planned, such that all the potential benefits provided by AVs are fully realised. This is particularly important for developing countries like South Africa. For developing countries, the implementation of AVs could be a distinct possibility, since developed countries are already implementing AVs to a degree. However, the implantation of AVs in developing countries will require significantly more preparation if they hope to keep up with the technological advancements occurring worldwide. This study attempts to act as preparation for the future when AVs are eventually implemented in South Africa. What is investigated is how AVs and CAVs perform in an urban environment. A section of the road network in Stellenbosch, South Africa, was used. This road network section contained a lot of different traffic control systems. Using an already calibrated PTV VISUM macroscopic model of the Stellenbosch road network, a smaller macroscopic model was generated by sectioning the desired study area out of the entire network. This created a smaller PTV VISUM macroscopic model of just the desired network section. Using the export and import functionality between PTV VISUM and PTV VISSIM, a final microscopic model was generated which was used to evaluate the performance of the AVs and CAVs. Four levels of autonomous behaviour were evaluated with the microscopic model to assess the relative improvements that each of these levels provided to the road network’s performance at various penetration rates. Specific focus was also placed on CAVs, investigating how robust CAVs are to changes in traffic volumes. The results obtained in this study, over a variety of network performance indicators, showed that AVs, and CAVs, are effective in improving the network’s performance. Additionally, CAVs are robust when it came to handling changes in traffic volumes. CAVs appeared to improve the network’s capability to cope with increased traffic volumes. However, AVs' performance is significantly dependent on their penetration rate.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Tegnologie het gewys dat dit die potensiaal het om die lewens van die mens wêreldwyd te verbeter. Die wyse waarop mense en goedere vervoer word, kan aansienlik verander met die ontwikkeling van Outonomiese Voertuie (Engels: Autonomous Vehicle) (AV’s). Hierdie voertuie kan die vervoer van mense en goedere radikaal wysig, aangesien dit die moontlikheid van Gekonnekteerde en Outonomiese Voertuie (Engels: Connected and Autonomous Vehicle) (CAV’s) wat met ander voertuie en padinfrastrukteer kan kommunikeer, het. Die tyd waar alle voertuie outonoom is, is nie so vergesog met die vinnige ontwikkeling van AV-tegnologie nie. Vir die implementering van AV’s om suksesvol te wees, is dit belangrik om te weet hoe AV’s sal reageer en optree binne ʼn padnetwerk. Die potensieële voordele en nadele van die implementering van AV’s moet ook ondersoek word. Die implementering van AV’s moet voldoende beplan wees sodat die potensiële voordele van AV’s ten volle besef word. Dit is veral baie belangrik vir ontwikkelende lande soos Suid-Afrika. Vir ontwikkelende lande is die implementering van AV’s ʼn moontlikheid, aangesien ontwikkelde lande reeds AV’s begin implementeer het. Vir die ontwikkelende lande om AV’s te implementeer sal aansienlike voorbereiding verg om met die veranderde tegnologie van die res van die wêreld te kan kompeteer. Hierdie studie beoog om te dien as voorbereiding vir die toekomstige implementering van AV’s in SuidAfrika. Dit ondersoek hoe AV’s en CAV’s reageer in ʼn sedelike omgewing. ʼn Padnetwerk in Stellenbosch, Suid-Afrika, wat verskillende verkeersbeheerstelsels bevat, is gebruik. ʼn Huidige gekalibeerder PTV VISUM makroskopiese model van die Stellenbosch padnetwerk is gebruik om ʼn kleiner makroskopiese model te bou deur die area wat beoog is vir die studie te isoleer. Deur gebruik te maak van die invoer- en uitvoer-funksionaliteit tussen PTV VISUM en PTV VISSIM, is ʼn finale mikroskopiese model gebou wat gebruik is vir die evaluering van die prestasie van die AV’s en die CAV’s. Vier vlakke van automatiseerde gedrag is ge-evalueer met die mikroskopiese model om die relatiewe verbeterings wat elk van hierdie vlakke teweegbring te assesseer vir die padnetwerk se werksverrigting deur verskillende uitvoerkoerse. Spesifieke fokus is geplaas op CAV’s deur te ondersoek hoe akkuraat CAV’s tot die verandering van verkeersvolumes reageer. Die resultate oor ʼn verskeidenheid van netwerk prestasie indikatore wat verkry is deur die ondersoek, het gewys dat AV’s en veral CAV’s baie effektief is vir die optimale verbetering van die netwerk. CAV’s was veral effektief met die hantering van die verandering in verkeersvolumes. Die werksverrigting van die AV’s wat baie afhanklik van hul uitvoer koers.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxx, 156 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126958en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subjectAutonomous Vehicles, Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, Urban Environment, Micro-simulation.en_ZA
dc.subject.lcshAutomated vehiclesen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshTransportation -- Automationen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshAutomobile driving -- Technological innovationsen_ZA
dc.titleOperational concept for connected and autonomous vehicles in an urban environmenten_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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