A physical activity programme to support the development of Namibian youth in an 'at-risk' context
| dc.contributor.advisor | Bressan, E. S. | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Newmark, R. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Zealand, Donovan Dominic | |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Sport Science. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2012-08-27T11:33:20Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2012-08-27T11:33:20Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2005-12 | |
| dc.description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The positive relationship between physical activity and recreation and a reduction in risk factors for youth has extensive historical roots. The definition of youth in an at-risk context has evolved over the years and may be conceptualized on a continuum ranging from low risk to chronic deviance. Many factors predispose youth to behavioural risk factors. These predisposing factors include variables related to the individual (self), family, peers, school, and community. The current situation in Namibia suggests that there is need for concern about youth in an at-risk context, and that efforts to minimize risk factors for youth will provide diverse personal and social benefits. Strategies involving physical activity and recreation appear particularly promising in minimizing risk factors for youth. Physical activity and recreational participation can provide positive benefits related to psychological health, physical health, familial interaction, peer influence, academic performance, community development, and other lifestyle behaviours. The documentation supporting the enormous potential of physical activity and recreational programmes to positively influence youth in an at-risk context cannot be ignored. The 305 participants in the survey and the 35 participants from the Physically Active Youth (PAY) Group provided invaluable input into this research. All participants provided unique insight. Throughout the research it became increasingly apparent that there is incredible potential for physical activity initiatives to positively impact on youth in an at-risk context. Physical activity can help youth in an at-risk context by improving self-esteem, providing positive role models, teaching teamwork and social skills, promoting self-confidence, providing a sense of belonging. reducing risk factors for disease, giving youth something constructive to do, providing a means of releasing stress, promoting positive morals and values, teaching cognitive, leadership and life skills, providing a sense of community, fostering family support, and promoting the wellness of youth. At the end of the PAY pilot project all learners showed remarkable increases in their fitness levels, their attitudes changed towards being more positive and the programme showed a passing rate of 91%. Many organizations are currently providing programmes or services that directly or indirectly impact on youth in an at-risk context. There was a general consensus that these efforts is in need of government policy that will result in better coordination of such programmes. Successful programmes need to have youth spearheading the initiative. Programmes also need to be flexible, accommodating, inexpensive (or free), with good leadership and community support. Programmes directed towards youth in an at-risk context should be non-threatening, emphasizing participation, and not competition. The research evidence suggest that there is a need to empower marginalized youth, provide good leadership, establish parental support, provide increased government support, develop partnerships, create youth centres, reform current programming initiatives to reflect the needs of youth in an at-risk context, and continue research are some of the primary concerns. The need to approach youth in an at-risk context issues holistically was also a pervasive attitude. Physical activity and recreation can provide both prevention and intervention functions. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die positiewe verhouding tussen liggaamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanning en 'n afname in risikofaktore vir die jeug het 'n omvangryke geskiedenis. Die definisie van jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks het oor die jare heen ontwikkel en kan gekonseptualiseer word op 'n kontinuum wat van laerisiko- tot chroniese afwyking strek. Daar is baie faktore wat die jeug vatbaar maak vir risiko ten opsigte van gedrag. Hierdie predisponerende faktore sluit veranderlikes in wat verband hou met die individu (self), die gesin, die portuurgroep, die skool en die gemeenskap. In die huidige situasie in Namibië is daar aanduidings dat daar rede vir kommer is wat betref jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks, en dat pogings om risikofaktore vir die jeug te minimaliseer baie voordeel inhou, op persoonlike sowel as sosiale vlak. Dit blyk dat strategieë wat liggaamlike aktiwiteit en deelname in ontspanningsbedrywighede insluit, veel kan bydra om risikofaktore vir die jeug te minimaliseer. Liggaamlike aktiwiteit en deelname aan ontspanningsbedrywighede kan bydra tot die bevordering van die geestes- en liggaamlike gesondheid, gesinsinteraksie, invloed van die portuurgroep, akademiese prestasie, gemeenskapsontwikkeling, asook ander vorme van lewenstylgedrag van jongmense. Die dokumentasie oor die geweldige potensiaal wat liggaamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanningsprogramme het om die jeug op 'n positiewe wyse te beïnvloed, mag nie misken word nie. Die 305 deelnemers aan die ondersoek, en die 35 deelnemers van die Liggaamlikaktiewe Groep (Engels: Physically Active Youth Group oftewel PAY Group) het waardevolle insette tot hierdie navorsing gemaak. Elke deelnemer het 'n unieke insig bygedra. Namate daar met die navorsing gevorder is, het dit toenemend duidelik geword dat daar 'n ongelooflike potensiaal bestaan vir inisiatiewe vir liggaamlike aktiwiteite om 'n positiewe uitwerking te hê op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks. Liggaamlike aktiwiteit kan jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks help deur hul gevoel van eiewaarde te verhoog, positiewe rolmodelle te verskaf, vir hulle spanwerk en sosiale vaardighede aan te leer, hul selfvertroue te bevorder, hulle te laat voel dat hulle êrens behoort, risikofaktore vir siekte te verminder, hulle iets opbouends te gee om hulle mee besig te hou, 'n manier te bied waarop hulle van stres ontslae kan raak, positiewe sedes en waardes te leer, kognitiewe, leierskaps- en lewensvaardighede te leer. 'n gemeenskapsbewustheid te kweek, gesinsondersteuning te bevorder, en ook hulle algemene welstand te bevorder. Aan die einde van die PAY-projek het al die leerders 'n merkwaardige verhoging in hul fiksheidsvlakke getoon, en was hulle houding baie meer positief. Die program het 'n slaagsyfer van 91% gehad. Daar is tans baie organisasies wat programme of dienste aanbied wat direk óf indirek 'n invloed het op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks. Daar was eenstemmigheid dat hierdie poging op regeringsbeleid moet kan steun wat tot beter koordinering van sodanige programme sal lei. In suksesvolle programme moet jeugdiges aan die voorpunt van die inisiatiewe wees. Programme behoort soepel en aanpasbaar te wees, hulle moet óf bekostigbaar óf gratis wees, en daar moet sterk leierskap en gemeenskapsondersteuning wees. Programme wat op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks gerig is moet deelnemers nie bedreig laat voel nie, en behoort deelname eerder as wedywering te beklemtoon. Die navorsing het bewys dat daar 'n behoefte is om gemarginaliseerde jeugdiges te bemagtig, om goeie leierskap daar te stel, om ouerondersteuning te vestig, om verhoogde regeringsondersteuning te verskaf, om vennootskappe te ontwikkel, om jeugsentrums te skep, om huidige programinisiatiewe te omskep sodat hulle die behoeftes van jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks weerspieël, en om met navorsing voort te gaan. Hierdie is sommige van die primêre sake wat aandag vereis. 'n Houding wat deurgaans voorgekom het, was die noodsaaklikheid daarvan om kwessies rakende jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks holisties te benader. Liggamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanning' kan beide voorkomings- en intervensiefunksies bied. | af_ZA |
| dc.format.extent | 222 p. : ill. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50274 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Exercise for youth -- Namibia | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Physical fitness for youth -- Namibia | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Problem youth -- Behavior modification -- Namibia | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Dissertations -- Education | en_ZA |
| dc.title | A physical activity programme to support the development of Namibian youth in an 'at-risk' context | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |
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