The 3Ps (profit, planet, and people) of sustainability: a South African grape and wine perspective
| dc.contributor.advisor | Blancquaert, Erna | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Keesstra, S. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hoffman, W. H. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.author | Gbejewoh, Omamuyovwi | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Viticulture and Oenology. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-03T12:23:44Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-22T14:27:37Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-12-03T12:23:44Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-12-22T14:27:37Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-12 | |
| dc.description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ever since the discovery of the environmental impacts of modern production in agriculture, sustainability and sustainable production has been at the forefront of efforts to reduce the external pressures on the system. The initial focus of the sustainability model was only on the environment and was later expanded to include the economic and social dimensions as evidenced in the millennium and sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Industrial agricultural production produces its fair share of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the grape and wine sectors were traditionally not considered environmentally demanding. Regardless of this increased interest in sustainability and sustainable production, the question remains: What does sustainability mean? How to measure and achieve it? It is still hotly debated which is open to various subjective interpretations. This project was aimed at studying the three pillars of sustainability equally and together in the grape and wine sector in South Africa. The objectives of the project were to: (i) evaluate what sustainability and its three pillars mean and how climate change is affecting these three pillars, (ii) determine context-specific indicators for the three pillars of sustainability and (iii) finally assess the feasibility of balancing the three pillars in a farm. The results of the first objective showed that sustainability is still highly subjective as all the respondents defined it differently and the environmental dimension still dominated their perceptions of sustainability in its importance, but they considered the social dimension the most difficult to achieve. In terms of climate change, extremes like drought, temperature and rainfall variations affected profits and the gains seen in other wine-producing countries are not present in South Africa. With regards to the environment, water demand was severely increasing irrigation pressure followed by increased reliance on chemicals for pest control. Spill-over effects of the economic dimension affected the social dimension in terms of limited work opportunities and stagnant wages for workers. The results of the second objective showed that economic indicators selected as relevant speak to the precarious situation of grape and wine farmers. The environmental indicators considered relevant were interesting given that actual practices were different given various regional environmental contexts. While the social dimension showed that respondents believe in improving the welfare of workers but are limited in what they can do to improve this dimension given the economic situation of many farms. The final objective showed that even though combined improved environmental and social practices reduced the profitability of farms, only improved social practices had the least effect. This showed that even significant improvement in the social dimension did not have to impact the bottom line of farms adversely. However, these results should be interpreted with caution as it involves simulating a complex system. Finally, as this study was exploratory, more research is needed in terms of more diverse participants (foreign retailers and consumers), more rounds of indicator selection and simulating the entire farm and not just the production process. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die ontdekking van die omgewingsimpak van moderne produksie, is volhoubaarheid en volhoubare produksie aan die voorpunt van die pogings om die eksterne druk op die sisteem te verminder. Die aanvanklike fokus van volhoubaarheids model op slegs die omgewing is later uitgebrei met die ekonomiese en sosiale dimensies soos blyk uit die millennium en doelwitte vir volhoubare ontwikkeling van die Verenigde Nasies. Industriële landbouproduksie produseer sy billike deel van kweekhuisgasvrystellings. Die druiwe- en wynsektore is egter tradisioneel nie as omgewingsvereiste beskou nie. Ongeag hierdie verhoogde belangstelling in volhoubaarheid en volhoubare produksie, bly die vraag: Wat beteken volhoubaarheid? Hoe om dit te meet en te bereik? Daar word steeds hewig gedebatteer wat oop is vir verskeie subjektiewe interpretasies. Hierdie projek was daarop gemik om die drie pilare van volhoubaarheid gelyk en saam in die druiwe- en wynsektor in Suid-Afrika te bestudeer. Die doelwitte van die projek was om: (i) te evalueer wat volhoubaarheid en sy drie pilare beteken en hoe klimaatsverandering hierdie drie pilare beïnvloed, (ii) konteksspesifieke aanwysers vir die drie pilare van volhoubaarheid te bepaal en (iii) uiteindelik die haalbaarheid om die drie pilare in 'n plaas te balanseer. Die resultate van die eerste doelwit het getoon dat volhoubaarheid steeds hoogs subjektief is aangesien al die respondente dit verskillend gedefinieer het en die omgewingsdimensie steeds hul persepsies van volhoubaarheid in die belangrikheid daarvan oorheers het, maar hulle beskou die sosiale dimensie as die moeilikste om te bereik. Wat klimaatsverandering betref, het uiterstes soos droogte, temperatuur en reënval variasies die wins beïnvloed en die winste wat in ander wynproduserende lande gesien word, is nie in Suid-Afrika teenwoordig nie. Wat die omgewing betref, het die vraag na water die besproeiingsdruk ernstig verhoog, gevolg deur 'n groter afhanklikheid van chemikalieë vir plaagbeheer. Oorspoel-effekte van die ekonomiese dimensie het die sosiale dimensie beïnvloed in terme van beperkte werksgeleenthede en stagnante lone vir werkers. Die resultate van die tweede doelwit het getoon dat ekonomiese aanwysers wat as relevant gekies is, spreek tot die benarde situasie van druiwe- en wynboere. Die omgewingsaanwysers wat as relevant beskou is, was interessant gegewe die werklike praktyke wat verskillend was gegewe verskeie streeksomgewingskontekste. Terwyl die sosiale dimensie getoon het dat respondente glo in die verbetering van die welsyn van werkers, maar is beperk in wat hulle kan doen om hierdie dimensie te verbeter gegewe die ekonomiese situasie van baie plase. Die finale doelwit het getoon dat selfs al het gekombineerde verbeterde omgewings- en sosiale praktyke die winsgewendheid van plase verminder, slegs verbeterde sosiale praktyke die minste effek gehad het. Dit het getoon dat selfs beduidende verbetering in die sosiale dimensie nie die onderste lyn van plase nadelig hoef te beïnvloed nie. Hierdie resultate moet egter met omsigtigheid geïnterpreteer word aangesien dit die simulering van 'n komplekse stelsel behels. Ten slotte, aangesien hierdie studie verkennend was, is meer navorsing nodig in terme van meer diverse deelnemers (buitelandse kleinhandelaars en verbruikers), meer rondtes van aanwyserkeuse en die simulering van die hele plaas en nie net die produksieproses nie. | af_ZA |
| dc.description.version | Masters | en_ZA |
| dc.format.extent | xiii, 105 pages | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/123894 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Sustainability -- South Africa | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Climatic changes -- Economic aspects -- South Africa | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Viticulture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Grapes -- Effect of environment on | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Wine and wine making -- South Africa | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | UCTD | en_ZA |
| dc.title | The 3Ps (profit, planet, and people) of sustainability: a South African grape and wine perspective | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |