Controls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone

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dc.contributor.authorRapp, Insaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSchlosser, Christianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBarraqueta, Jan-Lukas Menzelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWenzel, Bernharden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLudke, Janen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorScholten, Janen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGasser, Beaten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorReichert, Patricken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGledhill, Marthaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDengler, Marcusen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAchterberg, Eric P.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-16T13:03:59Z
dc.date.available2021-08-16T13:03:59Z
dc.date.issued2019-11-05
dc.descriptionCITATION: Rapp, I., et al. 2019. Controls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 16:4157–4182. doi:10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.biogeosciences.net/
dc.description.abstractThe availability of the micronutrient iron (Fe) in surface waters determines primary production, N2 fixation, and microbial community structure in large parts of the world's ocean, and thus it plays an important role in ocean carbon and nitrogen cycles. Eastern boundary upwelling systems and the connected oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are typically associated with elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive trace metals (e.g., Fe, manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co)), with shelf sediments typically forming a key source. Over the last 5 decades, an expansion and intensification of OMZs has been observed and this trend is likely to proceed. However, it is unclear how trace-metal (TM) distributions and transport are influenced by decreasing oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we present dissolved (d; <0.2 µm) and leachable particulate (Lp; >0.2 µm) TM data collected at seven stations along a 50 km transect in the Mauritanian shelf region. We observed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Co, and Mn corresponding with low O2 concentrations (<50 µmol kg−1), which were decoupled from major nutrients and nutrient-like and scavenged TMs (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu)). Additionally, data from repeated station occupations indicated a direct link between dissolved and leachable particulate Fe, Co, Mn, and O2. An observed dFe (dissolved iron) decrease from 10 to 5 nmol L−1 coincided with an O2 increase from 30 to 50 µmol kg−1 and with a concomitant decrease in turbidity. The changes in Fe (Co and Mn) were likely driven by variations in their release from sediment pore water, facilitated by lower O2 concentrations and longer residence time of the water mass on the shelf. Variations in organic matter remineralization and lithogenic inputs (atmospheric deposition or sediment resuspension; assessed using Al as indicator for lithogenic inputs) only played a minor role in redox-sensitive TM variability. Vertical dFe fluxes from O2-depleted subsurface-to-surface waters (0.08–13.5 µmol m−2 d−1) driven by turbulent mixing and vertical advection were an order of magnitude larger than atmospheric deposition fluxes (0.63–1.43 µmol m−2 d−1; estimated using dAl inventories in the surface mixed layer) in the continental slope and shelf region. Benthic fluxes are therefore the dominant dFe supply to surface waters on the continental margins of the Mauritanian upwelling region. Overall, our results indicated that the projected future decrease in O2 concentrations in OMZs may result in increases in Fe, Mn, and Co concentrations.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
dc.description.urihttps://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/4157/2019/
dc.description.versionPublisher’s version
dc.format.extent26 pages : illustrations, mapsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRapp, I., et al. 2019. Controls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 16:4157–4182. doi:10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019
dc.identifier.issn1726-4189 (online)
dc.identifier.issn1726-4170 (print)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110856
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherCopernicus Publications
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectOxygen minimum zonesen_ZA
dc.subjectTrace elements -- Analysisen_ZA
dc.subjectTrace elements in wateren_ZA
dc.subjectMicronutrientsen_ZA
dc.subjectMetals -- Oxygen contenten_ZA
dc.subjectRedox sensitive trace metalsen_ZA
dc.subjectTrace metals -- Mauritanian shelf regionen_ZA
dc.subjectmicronutrient iron (Fe) -- Effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide onen_ZA
dc.titleControls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zoneen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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