A phylogenomic- and proteomic investigation into the evolution and biological characteristics of the members of the group 2 Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
| dc.contributor.advisor | Gey van Pittius, N. C. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Warren, R. M. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.author | Dippenaar, Anzaan | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biology and Human Genetics. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2014-04-16T17:33:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2015-02-28T03:00:34Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2014-04 | en_ZA |
| dc.description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a disease that affects millions of people world-wide. The species M. tuberculosis consists of a large number of different strains that can be grouped into at least 40 different known strain families. Many of the strains present with different pathogenic characteristics and host adaptations. The F11 LAM strains and Beijing strains currently have a nearly equal representation in the population of Cape Town, making up a total of 45% of all strains in this setting. The Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) family of M. tuberculosis is proved to be the cause of a large percentage of TB cases worldwide and it is the predominant strain in high-prevalence regions such as the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal regions of South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South America. This project aimed to investigate the evolution and biological characteristics of the members of the principle genetic group (PGG) 2 Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) genotype of M. tuberculosis using a combination of whole genomic and proteomic analyses, coupled to mycobacterial molecular epidemiological techniques. The evolution of M. tuberculosis strain families from the Western Cape Province of South Africa proved to be consistent with previous evolutionary scenarios for M. tuberculosis isolated from other parts of the world. This genome-wide SNP-based phylogeny for the evolution of M. tuberculosis offers novel insight into the unique global representation of the M. tuberculosis isolates from the Western Cape, South Africa. The evolutionary scenario presented confirms six LAM sub-lineages, namely IS6110 RFLP families F9, F11, F13, F14, F15, and F26. A subset of sub-lineage defining SNPs was determined for each of the six LAM sub-lineages. The genomic changes in the LAM genotype strains observed through the SNP analysis presented here mostly occur in the genes involved in the cell wall, cell processes, intermediary metabolism and respiration. The same phenomenon was observed when the non-redundant SNPs of the non-LAM isolates were functionally annotated. The functional classification of the regulated proteins in the representative of the LAM RDRio lineage of M. tuberculosis suggests that proteins involved in the lipid metabolism, intermediary metabolism and respiration may be the key to the pathogenic effectiveness of the RDRio LAM lineage. A combination of the LAM SNP analysis and the LAM RDRio/non-RDRio comparison showed that the overall genomic- and proteomic features involved in the cell wall and cell processes of the LAM genotype differ to a large extent from what is seen in the reference strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv. This genome wide phylogenetic study is the first of its kind in a South African context, and not only presents a robust phylogeny of the M. tuberculosis strain families, and specifically the LAM lineage, but also gives the first ever insight into the protein differences which distinguishes RDRio and non-RDRio M. tuberculosis strains from each other. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is die mikrobiese agent wat tuberkulose (TB), 'n siekte wat miljoene mense wêreldwyd affekteer, veroorsaak. Die spesie M. tuberculosis bestaan uit 'n groot aantal verskillende stamme wat in ten minste 40 verskillende bekende stam-families gegroepeer word. Baie van die stamme toon verskillende patogeniese eienskappe en gasheer aanpassings. Die F11 LAM stam en Beijing stam het tans 'n byna gelyke verteenwoordiging in die bevolking van Kaapstad, wat 'n totaal opmaak van 45% van stamme wat in hierdie gebied gevind word. Die Latyns-Amerikaanse Meditereense (LAM) familie van M. tuberculosis is bewys om die oorsaak van 'n groot persentasie van TB-gevalle wêreldwyd te wees, en dit is die oorheersende stam in hoë voorkoms streke soos die Wes-Kaap en KwaZulu-Natal streke van Suid-Afrika, Zambië, Zimbabwe en Suid-Amerika. Hierdie projek het ten doel gehad om die evolusie en biologiese eienskappe van die lede van die basiese genetiese groep (BGG) 2 Latyns-Amerikaanse Meditereense (LAM) genotipe van M. tuberculosis te ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van 'n kombinasie van heel genoom en proteoom analise, gekoppel aan mikobakteriële molekulêre epidemiologiese tegnieke. Die evolusie van M. tuberculosis stam families van die Wes-Kaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika blyk om in ooreenstemming te wees met vorige evolusionêre scenario's vir M. tuberculosis wat in ander dele van die wêreld geïsoleer is. Die genoom-wye enkelnukleotied polimorfisme-gebaseerde filogenetiese hipotese vir die evolusie van M. tuberculosis bied nuwe insig in die unieke wêreldwye verteenwoordiging van die M. tuberculosis isolate van die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die evolusionêre scenario wat hier aangetoon word bevestig ses LAM sub-lyne, naamlik IS6110 RFLP families F9, F11, F13, F14, F15, en F26. 'n Versameling sub-lyn definiërende enkelnukleotied polimorfismes was bepaal vir elk van die ses LAM sub-afstammelinge. Die genomiese veranderinge wat waargeneem is in die LAM-genotipe isolate deur die enkelnukleotied polimorfisme analise wat hier aangebied word, is meestal in die gene wat betrokke is in die selwand, selprosesse, intermediêre metabolisme en respirasie. Dieselfde verskynsel is waargeneem wanneer die nie-oorbodige enkelnukleotied polimorfismes van die nie-LAM isolate funksioneel geannoteer is. Die funksionele klassifikasie van die gereguleerde proteïene in die verteenwoordiger van die LAM RDRio-lyn van M. tuberculosis dui daarop dat die proteïene wat betrokke is in die lipiedmetabolisme, intermediêre metabolisme en respirasie die sleutel tot die patogene doeltreffendheid van die RDRio-LAM-lyn kan wees. 'n Kombinasie van die LAM enkelnukleotied polimorfisme analise en die LAM-RDRio/nie-RDRio vergelyking het getoon dat die totale genomiese- en proteomiese kenmerke wat verwant is aan selwand en selprosesse van die LAM genotipe tot ʼn groot mate verskil van wat gesien word in die verwysing stam, M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Hierdie genoom-wye filogenetiese studie is die eerste van sy soort in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, en bied nie net ‗n robuuste filogenie van die M. tuberculosis stam families, en spesifiek die LAM genotipe van M. tuberculosis nie, maar gee ook die eerste keer ooit insig in die proteïen verskille wat RDRio en nie-RDRio M. tuberculosis stamme van mekaar onderskei. | af_ZA |
| dc.embargo.terms | 2015-02-28 | |
| dc.format.extent | xv, 192 pages : colour illustrations | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86748 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Gene mapping | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | LAM genotype | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | UCTD | en_ZA |
| dc.title | A phylogenomic- and proteomic investigation into the evolution and biological characteristics of the members of the group 2 Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |
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