The impact of transport accessibility and spatial equity on employment outcomes

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dc.contributor.advisorKrygsman, Stephanen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorWoolard, Ingrid, 1970-en_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorPapps, Kerryen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVan der Merwe, Jacomina Magdalenaen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Logistics.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-19T12:05:45Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-26T08:15:32Z
dc.date.available2024-02-19T12:05:45Z
dc.date.available2024-04-26T08:15:32Z
dc.date.issued2024-03
dc.descriptionThesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH SUMMARY: Addressing unemployment and income inequalities in transport and land-use policies is important, particularly in South Africa, which is currently experiencing one of the highest unemployment rates and income inequality in the world. South Africa has also seen a rise in the number of discouraged job seekers, which accounted for 14% of the labour force in 2021. These are individuals who want to work but have become too discouraged to actively search for employment. The primary aim of this research is to understand how transport, measured by accessibility and general transport cost components, such as commuting cost and travel time, affects the labour market in South Africa. It highlights the horizontal and vertical spatial equity impacts and the differentiated impact on different income groups. Previous research has proven the impact of a spatial mismatch on the probability of an individual becoming employed and the link between transport accessibility and employment status, but it ignores its impact on an employee’s decision to remain in employment, as well as the decision to stop searching for a job. This research first highlights the unequal distribution of accessibility across space and different income groups in the City of Cape Town. Using unique tax administrative data together with TomTom road network and speeds data, the research shows that the impact of congestion has a greater effect on access to job opportunities for residents of low-income locations compared to those from high-income locations. This reinforces spatial inequality. The research further focuses on the notion of job seekers becoming discourage and the impact of transport cost on their decision not to search for employment. Third, the research provides evidence that longer commuting distances between an employee’s residence and work location reduce employment duration for lower-income employees. The converse it true for higher income individuals. This shows a positive relationship between commuting distance and employment duration. The differentiated impact that transport has on the labour market for different income groups can be incorporated in transport and land-use policy and planning that aim to improve employment and equity outcomes. Last, the impact of land-use policy on accessibility is investigated in a case study, should affordable housing be provided closer to the two main employment hubs in the City of Cape Town. This could address vertical spatial equity, as measured by accessibility to employment in the city.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanspreek van werkloosheid en inkomste-ongelykhede in vervoer- en grondgebruikbeleid is belangrik, veral in Suid-Afrika wat tans een van die hoogste werkloosheid- en inkomsteongelykheidsvlakke in die wereld ervaar. Suid-Afrika ervaar ook ’n toename in die aantal ontmoedigde werksoekers, wat in 2021 14% van die arbeidsmag was. Dit is individue wat wil werk, maar te ontmoedig voel om aktief na werk te soek. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsing is om te verstaan hoe vervoer, gemeet aan toeganklikheid en algemene vervoerkostekomponente soos pendelkoste en reistyd, die arbeidsmark in Suid-Afrika beinvloed. Dit beklemtoon die horisontale en vertikale ruimtelike billikheidsimpakte en die gedifferensieerde impak op verskillende inkomstegroepe. Vorige navorsing het die impak van ’n ruimtelike wanverhouding op die waarskynlikheid van ’n individu om in diens te wees en die verband tussen vervoertoeganklikheid en indiensnemingswaarskynlikheid bewys, maar dit ignoreer die impak op ’n werknemer se besluit om in diens te bly, sowel as die besluit om aktief na werk te soek. Hierdie navorsing beklemtoon eerstens die ongelyke verspreiding van toeganklikheid oor ruimte en vir verskillende inkomstegroepe in die Stad Kaapstad. Deur unieke belastingadministratiewe data te gebruik tesame met TomTom-padnetwerk- en -spoeddata, bewys die navorsing dat kongestie ’n groter invloed het op toegang tot werksgeleenthede vir inwoners van lae-inkomstegebiede teenoor hoe-inkomstegebiede. Die versterk ruimtelike ongelykheid. Die navorsing fokus verder op die idee van ontmoedigde werkersoekers en die impak van vervoerkoste op hulle besluit om nie na werk te soek nie. Derdens verskaf die navorsing bewyse dat langer pendelafstande tussen ’n werknemer se woning en werkplek die diensduur vir laerinkomstewerknemers verminder. Die omgekeerde geld vir individue met hoer inkomste. Dit bewys die positiewe verband tussen pendelafstand en diensduur. Die gedifferensieerde impak wat vervoer vir verskillende inkomstegroepe op die arbeidsmark het, kan geinkorporeer word in vervoer- en grondgebruikbeleid en -beplanning wat die indiensneming en billikheidsuitkomste wil verbeter. Laastens word die impak van ’n grondgebruikbeleid op toeganklikheid in ’n gevallestudie ondersoek as bekostigbare behuising nader aan die twee hoofwerksentrums in die Stad Kaapstad verskaf sou word. Dit sal vertikale ruimtelike billikheidsoorwegings, wat gemeet word aan toeganklikheid tot indiensneming, in Kaapstad aanspreek.af_ZA
dc.description.versionDoctorate
dc.format.extentxx, 184 pages : illustrations, maps, includes annexures
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130181
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch University
dc.subject.lcshUrban transportation -- Costs -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshTransportation -- Passenger traffic -- Planning -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTD
dc.titleThe impact of transport accessibility and spatial equity on employment outcomesen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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