Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

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dc.contributor.authorKaya, Cengizen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGeneralovic, Tomas N.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStåhls, Gunillaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHauser, Martinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSamayoa, Ana C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNunes-Silva, Carlos G.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRoxburgh, Heatheren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWohlfahrt, Jensen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEwusie, Ebenezer A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKenis, Marcen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHanboonsong, Yupaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOrozco, Jesusen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCarrejo, Nancyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNakamura, Satoshien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGasco, Lauraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRojo, Santosen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTanga, Chrysantus M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMeier, Rudolfen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRhode, Clinten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPicard, Christine J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJiggins, Chris D.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLeiber, Florianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTomberlin, Jeffery K.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHasselmann, Martinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBlanckenhorn, Wolf U.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKapun, Martinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSandrock, Christophen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-19T06:32:59Z
dc.date.available2021-08-19T06:32:59Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-05
dc.date.updated2021-05-09T08:18:34Z
dc.descriptionCITATION: Kaya, C., et al. 2021. Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. BMC Biology, 19:94, doi:10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com
dc.description.abstractBackground: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is the most promising insect candidate for nutrient-recycling through bioconversion of organic waste into biomass, thereby improving sustainability of protein supplies for animal feed and facilitating transition to a circular economy. Contrary to conventional livestock, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterised. We present the first comprehensive population genetic characterisation of H. illucens. Based on 15 novel microsatellite markers, we genotyped and analysed 2862 individuals from 150 wild and captive populations originating from 57 countries on seven subcontinents. Results: We identified 16 well-distinguished genetic clusters indicating substantial global population structure. The data revealed genetic hotspots in central South America and successive northwards range expansions within the indigenous ranges of the Americas. Colonisations and naturalisations of largely unique genetic profiles occurred on all non-native continents, either preceded by demographically independent founder events from various single sources or involving admixture scenarios. A decisive primarily admixed Polynesian bridgehead population serially colonised the entire Australasian region and its secondarily admixed descendants successively mediated invasions into Africa and Europe. Conversely, captive populations from several continents traced back to a single North American origin and exhibit considerably reduced genetic diversity, although some farmed strains carry distinct genetic signatures. We highlight genetic footprints characteristic of progressing domestication due to increasing socio-economic importance of H. illucens, and ongoing introgression between domesticated strains globally traded for large-scale farming and wild populations in some regions. Conclusions: We document the dynamic population genetic history of a cosmopolitan dipteran of South American origin shaped by striking geographic patterns. These reflect both ancient dispersal routes, and stochastic and heterogeneous anthropogenic introductions during the last century leading to pronounced diversification of worldwide structure of H. illucens. Upon the recent advent of its agronomic commercialisation, however, current human-mediated translocations of the black soldier fly largely involve genetically highly uniform domesticated strains, which meanwhile threaten the genetic integrity of differentiated unique local resources through introgression. Our in-depth reconstruction of the contemporary and historical demographic trajectories of H. illucens emphasises benchmarking potential for applied future research on this emerging model of the prospering insectlivestock sector.
dc.description.urihttps://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent22 pages
dc.identifier.citationKaya, C., et al. 2021. Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. BMC Biology, 19:94, doi:10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w
dc.identifier.issn1741-7007 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110871
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherBMC
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectBlack soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
dc.subjectBlack soldier fly -- Population genetics
dc.subjectBlack soldier fly -- Genetic diversity
dc.titleGlobal population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucensen_ZA
dc.typeArticle
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