An analysis of the regulation of defence procurement in South Africa

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dc.contributor.advisorQuinot, Geoen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorNel, Michelleen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorNel, Michelle (Military lawyer)en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHeydenrych, Ernsten_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Law. Dept. of Public Law.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-01T12:55:15Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-08T15:22:48Z
dc.date.available2023-11-01T12:55:15Z
dc.date.available2024-01-08T15:22:48Z
dc.date.issued2023-12
dc.descriptionThesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT : There is considerable scholarly work within the context of civil public procurement in South Africa. Currently, public procurement in South Africa also finds itself within a changing regulatory environment considering the replacement of the 2017 Preferential Procurement Regulations with the 2022 Preferential Procurement Regulations in January 2023, as well as the Public Procurement Bill, tabled in Parliament in June 2023. However, a major gap in local literature on public procurement is in the area of defence procurement. This is concerning because of the large defence budget and generally opaque nature of the defence sector. In this regard, the transparency requirement of section 217 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 stands out and it is vital to interrogate defence procurement in terms of South African public procurement law. The challenges in South African defence procurement are well-known – from the Arms Deal in 1999 through to the procurement of the immune booster Interferon from Cuba in 2020 – thus showing a need for close attention to defence procurement regulation. Accordingly, this dissertation investigates what role the requirement of transparency fulfils within the regulation of defence procurement in South Africa. Will national security and secrecy always prevail, or will there be instances where transparency trumps secrecy? The study starts by carefully explaining the difference between the civilian and military working environments, the impact of military discipline, hierarchies and lines of command and control, as well as certain unique features such as the roles fulfilled by the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, Secretary for Defence, Chief of Logistics (“C Log”) and Chief of the South African National Defence Force. The study then defines defence procurement, sets out its two categories (category 1 acquisition and category 2 procurement/supply chain management), and compares ordinary South African public procurement with the Department of Defence’s acquisition and supply chain processes. The study also places focus on the role of Armscor, the acquisition agency of the DoD, and the role it plays in conjunction with the Defence Matériel Division within the context of acquisition or category 1 procurement. Hereafter, the study analyses the defence procurement system by identifying seven widely encountered trends or challenges through method triangulation, sets out the Department of Defence’s approach to consequence management and transparency and evaluates the system’s compliance with the requirement of transparency in section 217(1) of the Constitution. Finally, based on this evaluation, the study discusses the concept of civil-military relations and the oversight role fulfilled by, among others, Parliament, the Military Ombud, the Defence Inspectorate and the Auditor-General of South Africa with regard to their ability to extract accountability in respect of procurement by the DoD in terms of both answerability and sanction as constitutive elements of accountability. The study concludes with several findings and recommendations for reform of South African defence procurement regulation, especially within the context of transparency.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Daar is aansienlike vakkundige werk binne die konteks van siviele staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika. Staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika bevind hom tans ook binne 'n veranderende regulatoriese omgewing met die vervanging van die 2017 Voorkeur-verkrygingsregulasies met die 2022 Voorkeur-verkrygingsregulasies in Januarie 2023, sowel as die Wetsontwerp op Openbare Verkryging, wat in Junie 2023 in die Parlement ter tafel gelê is. 'n Groot leemte in plaaslike literatuur oor staatsverkryging is egter op die gebied van militêre verkryging. Dít is kommerwekkend vanweë die groot verdedigingsbegroting en die algemene ondeursigtige aard van die verdedigingsektor. In hierdie verband staan die deursigtigheidsvereiste van artikel 217 van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 uit en is dit noodsaaklik om militêre verkryging in terme van Suid-Afrikaanse staatsverkrygingswetgewing te ondersoek. Die uitdagings in Suid-Afrikaanse militêre verkryging is welbekend – van die Wapentransaksie in 1999 tot die verkryging van die immuunversterker Interferon van Kuba in 2020 – wat dus ‘n behoefte aan noukeurige aandag aan militêre verkrygingsregulering toon. Gevolglik stel hierdie proefskrif ondersoek in na watter rol die vereiste van deursigtigheid binne die regulering van militêre verkryging in Suid-Afrika vervul. Sal nasionale veiligheid en geheimhouding altyd seëvier, of sal daar gevalle wees waar deursigtigheid geheimhouding troef? Die studie begin deur die verskil tussen die burgerlike (“siviele”) en militêre werksomgewings te verduidelik, bespreek die impak van militêre dissipline, hiërargieë en bevel- en beheerlyne, asook sekere unieke kenmerke, soos die rolle wat deur die Minister van Verdediging en Militêre Veterane, Sekretaris van Verdediging, Hoof van Logistiek (“C Log”) en Hoof van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag, vervul word. Die studie definieer dan militêre verkryging, sit die twee kategorieë daarvan (kategorie 1 verkryging en kategorie 2 verkryging/voorsieningskettingbestuur) uiteen en vergelyk gewone Suid-Afrikaanse staatsverkryging met die Departement van Verdediging se verkrygings- en voorsieningskettingprosesse. Die studie plaas ook fokus op die rol van Krygkor, die verkrygingsagentskap van die Departement van Verdediging, en die rol wat dit speel in samewerking met die Verdedigingsmaterielafdeling binne die konteks van verkryging of kategorie 1-verkryging. Hierna ontleed die studie die militêre verkrygingstelsel deur sewe wyd teëgekome tendense of uitdagings deur middel van metodetriangulasie te identifiseer, die Departement van Verdediging se benadering tot gevolgbestuur en deursigtigheid uiteen te sit en die stelsel se voldoening aan die vereiste van deursigtigheid in artikel 217(1) van die Grondwet te evalueer. Laastens, op grond van hierdie evaluering, bespreek die studie die konsep van siviele-militêre betrekkinge en die toesigrol wat deur onder andere die Parlement, die Militêre Ombud, die Inspektoraat van Verdediging en die Ouditeur-Generaal van Suid-Afrika vervul word met betrekking tot hul vermoë om verantwoordingspligtigheid te verseker rakende verkryging deur die Departement van Verdediging in terme van beide verantwoorddoening en sanksie as elemente van verantwoordingspligtigheid. Die studie sluit af met verskeie bevindinge en aanbevelings vir hervorming van Suid-Afrikaanse militêre verkrygingsregulering, veral binne die konteks van deursigtigheid.af_ZA
dc.description.versionDoctoralen_ZA
dc.format.extentxxxiii, 404 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128907
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshDefense contracts -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshSouth Africa -- Armed Forces -- Procurementen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshDefense industries -- Government policy -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshArmaments Corporation of South Africa Ltd.en_ZA
dc.subject.lcshSouth African Military Ombuden_ZA
dc.subject.lcshTransparency in governmenten_ZA
dc.subject.lcshGovernment accountability -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCivil-military relations -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTD
dc.titleAn analysis of the regulation of defence procurement in South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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