Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone

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dc.contributor.advisorKlumperman, Bert
dc.contributor.authorPound, Gwenaelle
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Chemistry and Polymer Science.
dc.date.accessioned2008-06-23T08:14:20Zen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T08:17:54Z
dc.date.available2008-06-23T08:14:20Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2010-06-01T08:17:54Z
dc.date.issued2008-03
dc.descriptionThesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
dc.description.abstractXanthate-mediated polymerization was investigated as a tool for the preparation of well-defined poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone. Some results regarding the monomer vinyl acetate are included, mostly for comparison purposes. The structure of the leaving/reinitiating group of the xanthate mediating agent was tuned to match the monomer reactivity. This was achieved by studying the initialization behaviour of monomer-xanthate systems via in situ 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the latter technique was valuable to identify side reactions affecting the monomer, xanthate and/or polymeric species. Subsequently, experimental conditions were defined, and used to optimize the level of control achieved during polymerization. Block copolymers were prepared from a xanthate end-functional poly(ethylene glycol) with both vinyl acetate and N-vinylpyrrolidone. Finally, the preparation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with a range of well-defined end groups was achieved via postpolymerization treatment of the xanthate end-functional polymerization product. 3 different routes were investigated, which lead to poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with 1) aldehyde or alcohol, 2) thiol or 3) unsaturated ω-chain-end functionality, in high yield, while the α-chain-end functionality is defined by the structure of the xanthate leaving group. The ω-aldehyde end-functional poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) was successfully conjugated to the lysine residues of the model protein lysozyme via reductive amination. Particular attention was drawn to characterizing the polymerization products. NMR spectroscopy, liquid chromatographic and mass-spectroscopic techniques were used. The major achievements emerging from polymer analysis carried out in this study included the following: - a library of NMR chemical shifts for N-vinylpyrrolidone derivatives; - an estimation of the critical conditions for poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) relevant for separation according to the polymer chain-ends; - conditions for the separation of block-copolymers comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) segment and a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or poly(vinyl acetate) segment via liquid chromatography; - valuable results on matrix-assisted laser ionization-desorption time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-ToF-MS) of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone).en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1296
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherStellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
dc.rights.holderUniversity of Stellenbosch
dc.subjectLiving polymerizationen
dc.subjectN-vinylpyrrolidoneen
dc.subjectRaften
dc.subjectXanthtateen
dc.subjectDissertations -- Polymer scienceen
dc.subjectTheses -- Polymer scienceen
dc.subjectVinyl polymersen
dc.subjectAddition polymerizationen
dc.titleReversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidoneen
dc.typeThesis
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Doctoral Degrees (Chemistry and Polymer Science)