An overview of analgesics : NSAIDs, paracetamol, and topical analgesics Part 1
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Taylor and Francis
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pain is a complex and unique experience. It encompasses several pathways, involving nociceptive signal generation (transduction) and propagation (transmission), as well as perception and modulation of the nociceptive stimuli. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) primarily exert their analgesic effects through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby attenuating prostaglandin synthesis. The COX-2 selective NSAIDs (coxibs) and aspirin have also been shown to reduce colorectal cancers, presumably by prostaglandin-inhibition mechanisms. Paracetamol appears to have both peripheral and central effects. The postulated mechanism for its peripheral effects is indirect COX inhibition, while the central effects are thought to be mediated by modulation of descending pain inhibition pathways. Topical analgesics are available in various formulations. The topical NSAIDs have the same mechanism of action as the systemic formulations, but with less systemic absorption and effects. The local anaesthetics provide a dense sensory block via inhibition of nerve impulse transmission, and are available in percutaneous and transdermal preparations. Capsicum is effective for neuropathic pain, and acts by stimulating and then desensitising peripheral sensory nerves.
Description
CITATION: Van Rensburg, R. & Reuter, H. 2019. An overview of analgesics : NSAIDs, paracetamol, and topical analgesics Part 1. South African Family Practice, 61(1):S4-S10, doi:10.1080/20786190.2019.1610228.
The original publication is available at https://www.tandfonline.com
The original publication is available at https://www.tandfonline.com
Keywords
Nociception, Analgesics, Pain-killing drugs, Paracetamol, Analgesia
Citation
Van Rensburg, R. & Reuter, H. 2019. An overview of analgesics : NSAIDs, paracetamol, and topical analgesics Part 1. South African Family Practice, 61(1):S4-S10, doi:10.1080/20786190.2019.1610228