Relationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

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dc.contributor.authorNkeh-Chungag, Benedicta N.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGoswami, Nanduen_Za
dc.contributor.authorEngwa, Godwill A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSewani-Rusike, Constance R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMbombela, Vuyolwethuen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWebster, Ingriden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDe Boever, Patricken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKessler, Harald H.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStelzl, Evelynen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStrijdom, Hansen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-27T07:17:35Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2023-03-27T07:17:35Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2021-01-20en_ZA
dc.descriptionCITATION: Nkeh-Chungag, B.N.; Goswami, N.; Engwa, G.A.; Sewani-Rusike, C.R.; Mbombela, V.;.Webster, I.; De Boever, P.; Kessler, H.H.; Stelzl, E.; Strijdom, H. Relationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 10, 392. doi.10.3390/jcm10030392en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at: mdpi.comen_ZA
dc.description.abstractLimited information on the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on vascular function in South Africans of African descent living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is available. The relationship between ART, vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors in South Africans of African ancestry with HIV was therefore studied. This cross-sectional study recruited 146 HIVpositive individuals on ART (HIV+ART+), 163 HIV-positive individuals not on ART (HIV+ART�����) and 171 individuals without HIV (HIV�����) in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Flowmediated dilation (FMD) test was performed to assess endothelial function. Anthropometry and blood pressure parameters were measured. Lipid profile, glycaemic indices, serum creatinine as well as CD4 count and viral load were assayed in blood. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Obesity and albuminuria were positively associated with HIV, and HIV+ART+ participants had significantly higher HDL cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia markers were significantly higher in hypertensive HIV+ART+ participants compared with the controls (HIV+ART����� and HIV����� participants). FMD was not different between HIV+ART+ participants and the controls. Moreover, HIV+ART+ participants with higher FMD showed lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol comparable to that of HIV����� and HIV+ART����� participants. A positive relationship between FMD and CD4 count was observed in HIV+ART+ participants. In conclusion, antiretroviral treatment was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly dyslipidaemia, in hypertensive South Africans of African ancestry with HIV. Although, ART was not associated with endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation was positively associated with CD4 count in HIV-positive participants on ART.en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublisher’s versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent14 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationNkeh-Chungag, B.N.; Goswami, N.; Engwa, G.A.; Sewani-Rusike, C.R.; Mbombela, V.;.Webster, I.; De Boever, P.; Kessler, H.H.; Stelzl, E.; Strijdom, H. Relationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 10, 392. doi.10.3390/jcm10030392en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2077-0383 (online)en_ZA
dc.identifier.otherdoi.10.3390/jcm10030392en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126715en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectHIV (Viruses)en_ZA
dc.subjectAntiretroviral agentsen_ZA
dc.subjectCardiovascular system -- Diseasesen_ZA
dc.subjectEndothelial cellsen_ZA
dc.subjectObese-hyperglycemic syndromeen_ZA
dc.subjectHypertensionen_ZA
dc.titleRelationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Studyen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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