Land use in Mumbwa Game Management Area : livelihood, migrations, and land cover change
| dc.contributor.advisor | Esler, Karen J. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Angelsen, Arild | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chungu, Donald | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.author | Mambwe, Dina Popo | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Business Management. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-31T09:17:51Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-05-31T09:17:51Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-03 | |
| dc.description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2021. | |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH SUMMARY : As category VI IUCN Protected Areas where people can practice the sustainable use of natural resources, game management areas (GMAs) of Zambia employ a mixed land use approach. The Mumbwa GMA, adjacent to Zambia’s Kafue National Park, has five land use zones. Although each zone has a distinct land use, over time the GMA has experienced an overlap in land uses by nearby communities and external migrants, particularly in two of the zones meant for conservation (conservation zone) and to cater for human livelihoods (development zone). This study compared three aspects of land use in the conservation and development zones with the aim to contribute to improved land use in the conservation and development zones of the Mumbwa GMA. Firstly, the study investigated the magnitude and patterns of human migrations in the two zones. The second part assessed the extent to which the households settled in these zones earn their livelihoods and rely on the GMA for their livelihoods and wellbeing. Lastly, the study quantified and accounted for the long-term spatial land-cover changes for the period 1990 to 2017. A mixed-method approach was employed for this study, using a structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and remote sensing imagery. Results indicated that a higher (76%) proportion of people living in the conservation zone are external migrants compared to those living in the development zone (50%). Households from both zones did not intend to leave the GMA, even though they acknowledged the need to conserve wildlife. The more land a household occupied, the less they planned to migrate. The households from both zones practised similar livelihood activities and relied more on farming and less on GMA-related livelihoods such as hunting and concession fees. More conservation zone households (72%) compared to those from the development zone (38%) said their wellbeing had improved, and they attributed this improved wellbeing to improved crop yield. For the period 1990 to 2017, the area under forest in the conservation zone reduced from 54 to 32%, and was replaced mostly by other wooded areas and croplands. During the same period, the development zone experienced an increase in the share of cropland from 3.7 to 44%. The respondents attributed the observed land use and cover changes to agricultural expansion, wood extraction, and population growth. Stellenbosch This research shows the magnitude of human migrations and land-cover changes in the Mumbwa GMA. It suggests an overlap in land use in the Mumbwa GMA’s conservation and development zones, which negates the purpose of having distinct land uses for the two zones. The collapse in the land use plan is attributed to, inter alia, poor law enforcement and uncoordinated and inappropriate local conservation policies, specifically those governing land use and livelihoods in the GMA. It is important, therefore, to strengthen law enforcement and realign the conservation/ land use policies in the GMA. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : As kategorie-VI IUCN beskermde gebiede, waar mense toegelaat word om natuurlike hulbronne volhoubaar te gebruik, pas wildbestuurareas (GMA’s) ’n gemengde benadering tot die gebruik van grond toe. Mumbwa GMA, wat aan Zambië se Kafue Nasionale Park grens, het vyf grondgebruiksones. Hoewel elke sone duidelik uitgestippelde grondgebruik het, het die GMA met verloop van tyd ’n oorvleueling daarvan deur nabygeleë gemeenskappe en immigrante ervaar, veral in twee van die sones wat bedoel was om te bewaar (bewaringsgbied) en om voorsiening vir menslike lewensbestaan (ontwikkelingsone) te maak. In hierdie studie word drie aspekte van grondgebruik in die bewaring- en ontwikkelingsones vergelyk. Eerstens word met dié studie die omvang en patrone van menslike migrasies in die twee sones ondersoek. Die tweede deel het ten doel om te bepaal in watter mate die huishoudings in hierdie sones hulle lewensbestaan maak en op die GMA daarvoor en vir hul welstand staatmaak. Laastens kwantifiseer en doen die studie verslag oor die langtermyn ruimtelike en tydverwante grondbedekkingsveranderings vir die tydperk 1990 tot 2017. ’n Gemengde-metodebenadering is in hierdie studie gebruik. Daar is oor die afgelope 16 jaar bevind dat ’n hoër (76%) proporsie mense wat in die bewaringsgebied woon immigrante is, vergeleke met dié in die ontwikkelingsone (50%). Huishoudings van albei gebiede het geen planne gehad om die GMA te verlaat nie, hoewel hulle die nodigheid erken het dat dit noodsaaklik is om wild te bewaar. Hoe meer grond ’n huishouding beset het, hoe minder was die plan om pad te gee. Die huishoudings in albei sones het soortgelyke bestaansbedrywighede beoefen en het meer op boerdery en minder op ’n GMAverwante lewensbestaan soos jag- en konsessiegeld staat gemaak. Meer huishoudings in die bewaringsone (72%) het gesê hulle welstand het verbeter in vergelyking met dié in die ontwikkelingsone (38%). Die verbeterde welstand word aan die verbeterde oesopbrengs toegeskryf. In die tydperk 1990 tot 2017 het die bewaringsone 40% van sy bosgebied aan houtplantasies en gewaslande afgestaan. Indieselfde tydperk het die ontwikkelingsone ’n toename van 1 116,3% in gewasgebiede ondervind. Die respondente het die waargenome veranderinge aan landbou-uitbreiding, houtontginning en bevolkingsgroei toegeskryf. Hierdie studie demonstreer die omvang van menslike migrasie en verandering ten opsigte van gronddekking in Mumbwa GMA. Die studie dui op ’n oorvleueling in grondgebruik in Mumbwa GMA se bewarings- en ontwikkelingsones wat die doel om duidelike grondgebruike vir albei sones te hê negatief raak. Die mislukking van die plan vir grondgebruik word onder meer toegeskryf aan swak wetstoepassing en ongekoördineerde en swak beleide rakende grondgebruik en lewensbestaan in die GMA. Dit is derhalwe belangrik om wetstoepassing te versterk en die beleid rakende grondgebruik in die GMA te herbelyn. | af_ZA |
| dc.description.version | Doctoral | |
| dc.format.extent | xxi, 187 pages ; illustrations, includes annexures | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110516 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | |
| dc.subject | Land use, Rural -- Mumbwa District (Zambia) -- Mathematical models | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Natural resources conservation areas -- Mumbwa District (Zambia) | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Community development -- Mumbwa District (Zambia) | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Sustainable living -- Mumbwa District (Zambia) | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Emigration and immigration -- Mumbwa District (Zambia) | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | UCTD | |
| dc.title | Land use in Mumbwa Game Management Area : livelihood, migrations, and land cover change | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |