DNA methylation and demethylation are regulated by functional DNA methyltransferases and DnTET enzymes in diuraphis noxia

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorDu Preez, Pieter H.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBreeds, Kellyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBurger, N. Francois V.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSwiegers, Hendrik W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTruter, J. Christoffen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBotha, Anna-Mariaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-07T09:09:55Z
dc.date.available2020-09-07T09:09:55Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionCITATION: Du Preez, P. H., et al. 2020. DNA methylation and demethylation are regulated by functional DNA methyltransferases and DnTET enzymes in diuraphis noxia. Frontiers in Genetics, 11:452, doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00452.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.frontiersin.org
dc.descriptionPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund
dc.description.abstractAphids are economically important insect pests of crops worldwide. Despite resistant varieties being available, resistance is continuously challenged and eventually broken down, posing a threat to food security. In the current study, the epigenome of two related Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) biotypes (i.e., SA1 and SAM) that differ in virulence was investigated to elucidate its role in virulence in this species. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing covered a total of 6,846,597,083 cytosine bases for SA1 and 7,397,965,699 cytosine bases for SAM, respectively, of which a total of 70,861,462 bases (SA1) and 74, 073,939 bases (SAM) were methylated, representing 1.126 ± 0.321% (SA1) and 1.105 ± 0.295% (SAM) methylation in their genomes. The sequence reads were analyzed for contexts of DNA methylation and the results revealed that RWA has methylation in all contexts (CpG, CHG and CHH), with the majority of methylation within the CpG context (± 5.19%), while the other contexts show much lower levels of methylation (CHG − ± 0.27%; CHH − ± 0.34%). The top strand was slightly (0.02%) more methylated than the bottom strand. Of the 35,493 genes that mapped, we also analyzed the contexts of methylation of each of these and found that the CpG methylation was much higher in genic regions than in intergenic regions. The CHG and CHH levels did not differ between genic and intergenic regions. The exonic regions of genes were more methylated (±0.56%) than the intronic regions. We also measured the 5mC and 5hmC levels between the aphid biotypes, and found little difference in 5mC levels between the biotypes, but much higher levels of 5hmC in the virulent SAM. RWA had two homologs of each of the DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1a and DNMT1b) and DNMT3s (DNMT3a and DNMT3b), but only a single DNMT2, with only the expression of DNMT3 that differed significantly between the two RWA biotypes. RWA has a single ortholog of Ten eleven translocase (DnTET) in the genome. Feeding studies show that the more virulent RWA biotype SAM upregulate DnDNMT3 and DnTET in response to wheat expressing antibiosis and antixenosis.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.00452/full
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent18 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationDu Preez, P. H., et al. 2020. DNA methylation and demethylation are regulated by functional DNA methyltransferases and DnTET enzymes in diuraphis noxia. Frontiers in Genetics, 11:452, doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00452
dc.identifier.issn1664-8021(online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00452
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/108806
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectInsects -- Variationen_ZA
dc.subjectMethyltransferasesen_ZA
dc.subjectMethylasesen_ZA
dc.subjectMethylferasesen_ZA
dc.subjectWheat -- Diseases and pestsen_ZA
dc.subjectAphid virulanceen_ZA
dc.subjectGenomicsen_ZA
dc.subjectAthropod pestsen_ZA
dc.titleDNA methylation and demethylation are regulated by functional DNA methyltransferases and DnTET enzymes in diuraphis noxia
dc.typeArticle
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
dupreez_dna_2020.pdf
Size:
3.19 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download article
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Research Articles (Genetics)