Blood ketone bodies and breath acetone analysis and their correlations in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Date
2019-12-17
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds in the breath for disease detection and monitoring has gained momentum and clinical significance due to its rapid test results and non-invasiveness, especially for diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have suggested that breath gases, including acetone, may be related to simultaneous blood glucose (BG) and blood ketone levels in adults with types 2 and 1 diabetes. Detecting altered concentrations of ketones in the breath, blood and urine may be crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. This study assesses the efficacy of a simple breath test as a non-invasive means of diabetes monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human breath samples were collected in Tedlar™ bags and analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The measurements were compared with capillary BG and blood ketone levels (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) taken at the same time on a single visit to a routine hospital clinic in 30 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 28 control volunteers. Ketone bodies of diabetic subjects showed a significant increase when compared to the control subjects; however, the ketone levels were was controlled in both diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. Worthy of note, a statistically significant relationship was found between breath acetone and blood acetoacetate (R = 0.89) and between breath acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (R = 0.82).
Description
CITATION: Saasa, V., et al., 2019. Blood ketone bodies and breath acetone analysis and their correlations in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diagnostics, 9(4). doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040224.
The original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics
The original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Ketone bodies, Human breath, Acetone -- Analysis, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Volatile organic compounds -- Analysis
Citation
Saasa, V., et al., 2019. Blood ketone bodies and breath acetone analysis and their correlations in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diagnostics, 9(4). doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040224.