Glutamine synthetase sequence evolution in the mycobacteria and their use as molecular markers for Actinobacteria speciation

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dc.contributor.authorHayward, Don
dc.contributor.authorVan Helden, Paul D.
dc.contributor.authorWiid, Ian J. F.
dc.date.accessioned2010-12-13T10:17:35Z
dc.date.available2010-12-13T10:17:35Z
dc.date.issued2009-02
dc.date.updated2010-11-02T13:10:51Z
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliography
dc.description.abstractBackground: Although the gene encoding for glutamine synthetase (glnA) is essential in several organisms, multiple glnA copies have been identified in bacterial genomes such as those of the phylum Actinobacteria, notably the mycobacterial species. Intriguingly, previous reports have shown that only one copy (glnA1) is essential for growth in M. tuberculosis, while the other copies (glnA2, glnA3 and glnA4) are not. Results: In this report it is shown that the glnA1 and glnA2 encoded glutamine synthetase sequences were inherited from an Actinobacteria ancestor, while the glnA4 and glnA3 encoded GS sequences were sequentially acquired during Actinobacteria speciation. The glutamine synthetase sequences encoded by glnA4 and glnA3 are undergoing reductive evolution in the mycobacteria, whilst those encoded by glnA1 and glnA2 are more conserved. Conclusion: Different selective pressures by the ecological niche that the organisms occupy may influence the sequence evolution of glnA1 and glnA2 and thereby affecting phylogenies based on the protein sequences they encode. The findings in this report may impact the use of similar sequences as molecular markers, as well as shed some light on the evolution of glutamine synthetase in the mycobacteria.en_ZA
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.format.extent13 p. ; ill. (some col.)
dc.identifier.citationHayward, D, Van Helden, PD & Wiid, IJF 2009, 'Glutamine synthetase sequence evolution in the mycobacteria and their use as molecular markers for Actinobacteria speciation', BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9(1):48.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148
dc.identifier.otherhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-48
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5065
dc.language.isoen_USen_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_ZA
dc.rights.holderHayward et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.subjectGlutamine synthetase (glnA)en_ZA
dc.subjectM. tuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subjectGlutamine synthetaseen_ZA
dc.subjectMycobacteriaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshActinobacteriaen_ZA
dc.titleGlutamine synthetase sequence evolution in the mycobacteria and their use as molecular markers for Actinobacteria speciationen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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