South Africa and peacekeeping : the case of Rwanda

Date
1998-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to develop an answer for South Africa's non-willingness to supply an active peacekeeping force to Rwanda, even after appeals from other states. Secondly, this research report aims to, at the same time, look at possible alternative roles which South Africa can play. Thirdly, it aims to make an assumption regarding the South African government's policy, regarding peacekeeping. The research traces the Rwandan conflict since 1990 until 1995-1996 in order to convey necessary background information to the reader, since this is the case study providing the basis of the report's focus. Since Rwanda and South Africa are part of the developing world, and this study concentrates on mainly security issues, it is important to focus on these issues. Security questions pertaining to the developing world such as military interventions and civil strife will be seen as major role-players. It will also become clear that most security issues in the developing world, is civil/socially orientated. The role, problems and usage of peacekeepers must also be discussed since this is one of the elements of the report's focus. Conclusions made will indicate that large contingencies of peacekeepers are usually not needed and that the main problem regarding peacekeeper over a prolonged period, is cost. Since South Africa does not apparently have the budgetary freedom nor the wisdom to conduct such operation alone, certain organisations such as the United Nations, the Organisation of African Unity, the SADC, etc. may play leading roles in providing financial, technical and other support for such operations. The question remains what other organisations may be utilised in supprt of peacekeeping operations? This is though to come in the answer of the non-governmental organisation since they usually already posses a knowledge of the people involved, and are familiar with power distribution. It is thought though that South Africa did not take part in any peacekeeping operation due to internal pressures, such as the transformation process within the SANDF and budgetary constraints. South Africa possesses some enabling criteria such as a proffessional and highly skilled defence force and some unique equipment. It is therefore believed that South Africa should rather focus on its enabling criteria, or even play a tertiary role such as using its charismatic political leaders in order facilitate and mediate conflicts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie beoog om die vraag te beantwoord aangaande Suid-Afrika se onbereidwilligheid om 'n aktiewe vredesmag beskikbaar te stel vir optrede in Rwanda, selfs nadat ander state Suid-Afrika om hulp genader het. Tweedens probeer die studie om moontlike alternatiewe rolle vir Suid-Afrika te identifiseer. Derdens, probeer die studie om gevolgtrekkings te maak aangaande die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se beleid, rakende vredesmagte en die behoud van sekuriteit. Die navorsing volg die konflik in Rwanda vanaf 1990 tot en met 1995-1996 om sodeonde 'n basiese kennis by die leser te skep aangesien hierdie konflik die basis van dié studie vorm. Rwanda en Suid-Afrika is albei ontwikkelende state en dus is dit belangrik om op sekere probleme te fokus, soos byvoorbeeld sekuriteitsvraagstukke. Vraagstukke betreffende militêre intervensie en publieke onmin, sal as belangrike geag word. Daar sal dan ook gesien word dat meeste sekuriteitsvraagstukke in ontwikkelende state, sosiaal georiënteerd is. Die rol en probleme van vredesmagte sal ook bespreek word aangesien dit een van die fokuspunte van die studie is. Gevolgtrekkinge sal aandui dat groot vredesmagte nie noodwendig nodig is nie, maar dat koste die mees belemmerende faktor is. Suid-Afrika het blykbaar nie die monetêre veroë om sulke operasies alleen te finansier nie, en dus sal organisasies soos die Verenigde Nasies, die Organisasie vir Eenheid in Afrika en die Suider Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap bespreek word, om dan ook te bepaal watter rolle hulle met betrekking tot byvoorbeeld finansiering kan speel. Die vraag of ander organisasies ook 'n rol kan speel word ook bespreek. Op die oog af wil dit blyk of die antwoord sogenaamde Nie-Regerings Organisasies (NGOs) mag wees aangesien hulle oor sekere inherente voordele beskik. Daar word egter geglo dat Suid Afrika nie in enige vredesmag operasies deel geneem het nie, as gevolg van interne druk soos byvoorbeeld die integrasie- en transformasieprosesse van die SANW asook begrotings beperkinge, Suid-Afrika beskik egter oor sekere positiewe kwaliteite soos byvoorbeeld 'n hoogs gespesialiseerde en professionele weermag asook oor unieke toerusting. Dus word daar geglo dat Suid -Afrika op hierdie voordele moet fokus en dat Suid-Afrika miskien in ander ondersteunende rolle betrokke moet raak, waardeur konflik gefasiliteer en opgelos kan word.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.
Keywords
Security, International, Military assistance, Conflict management -- Rwanda, South Africa -- Armed Forces, UCTD
Citation