Prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV and respiratory symptoms in two Zambian communities: Implications for tuberculosis control in the era of HIV

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dc.contributor.authorAyles, Helen
dc.contributor.authorSchaap, Albertus
dc.contributor.authorNota, Amos
dc.contributor.authorSismanidis, Charalambos
dc.contributor.authorTembwe, Ruth
dc.contributor.authorDe Haas, Petra
dc.contributor.authorMuyoyeta, Monde
dc.contributor.authorBeyers, Nulda
dc.contributor.authorGodfrey-Faussett, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:00:16Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:00:16Z
dc.date.issued2009-05
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http:/www.plosone.org
dc.description.abstractBackground: The Stop TB Partnership target for tuberculosis is to have reduced the prevalence of tuberculosis by 50% comparing 2015 to 1990. This target is challenging as few prevalence surveys have been conducted, especially in high burden tuberculosis and HIV countries. Current tuberculosis control strategies in high HIV prevalent settings are therefore based on limited epidemiological evidence and more evidence is needed from community-based surveys to inform improved policy formulation. Methods and Findings: 8044 adults were sampled from 2 sub-districts (wards) in Lusaka province, Zambia. Questionnaires were used to screen for symptoms, respiratory samples were obtained for culture and oral secretions collected for HIV testing. 79 individuals were found to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their sputum, giving an adjusted overall prevalence of tuberculosis of 870/100,000 (95% CI 570-1160/100,000). The adjusted overall prevalence of HIV was 28.61% (95% CI 26.04-31.19). HIV- infection was significantly associated with prevalent tuberculosis (Adj OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.42-3.74) and the population attributable fraction of HIV for prevalent tuberculosis was 36%. Symptoms such as prolonged cough (adj OR 12.72, 95% CI 7.05-22.94) and fever (Adj OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.23-3.39), were associated with prevalent tuberculosis, but 8 (10%) individuals with prevalent tuberculosis denied having any symptoms at all and only 34 (43%) would have been classified as a TB suspect by current guidelines. Conclusions: Undiagnosed tuberculosis is a challenge for tuberculosis control and new approaches are needed if we are to reach international targets. Epidemiological studies can inform screening algorithms for both detection and prevention of active tuberculosis. © 2009 Ayles et al.
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding for this study came from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as part of the Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS-TB Epidemic (CREATE) project (Grant to Johns Hopkins University 19790.01) and from the Foundation for New Diagnostics (FIND). (
dc.description.versionPublishers' Version
dc.format.extent12 p. : ill.
dc.identifier.citationAyles, H. et al. 2009. Prevalence of Tuberculosis, HIV and Respiratory Symptoms in Two Zambian Communities: Implications for Tuberculosis Control in the Era of HIV. PLoS ONE, 4(5): e5602, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005602.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005602
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/11609
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLOS)
dc.rights.holderPublic Library of Science (PLOS)
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus infectionen_ZA
dc.subjectMycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosisen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis control -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis control -- Zambiaen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis and HIV -- Zambia -- Case studyen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis and HIV -- South Africa -- Case studiesen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infections -- Transmission -- Zambiaen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis -- Transmission -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.titlePrevalence of tuberculosis, HIV and respiratory symptoms in two Zambian communities: Implications for tuberculosis control in the era of HIVen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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