The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa : a four-country cross sectional study

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dc.contributor.authorGuwatudde, Daviden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNankya-Mutyoba, Joanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKalyesubula, Roberten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLaurence, Carienen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAdebamowo, Clementen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAjayi, IkeOluwapoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBajunirwe, Francisen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNjelekela, Marinaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorChiwanga, Faraja S.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorReid, Todden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVolmink, Jimmyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAdami, Hans-Oloven_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Michelle D.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDalal, Shonaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-11-11T09:19:43Z
dc.date.available2016-11-11T09:19:43Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.descriptionCITATION: Guwatudde, D., et al. 2015. The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa : a four-country cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15:1211, doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com
dc.description.abstractENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing publichealth problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated and compared the burden of hypertension across different SSA populations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure data collected through a cohort study in four SSA countries, to estimate the prevalence of pre-hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension,and to identify the factors associated with hypertension. Methods: Participants were from five different population groups defined by occupation and degree of urbanization, including rural and peri-urban residents in Uganda, school teachers in South Africa and Tanzania, and nurses in Nigeria. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics, injuries, and history of diagnoses of chronic diseases and mental health. We also made physical measurements (weight, height and blood pressure), as well as biochemical measurements; which followed standardized protocols across the country sites. Modified Poison regression modelling was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) as measures of association between potential risk factors and hypertension. Results: The overall age-standardized prevalence of hypertension among the 1216 participants was 25.9 %. Prevalence was highest among nurses with an age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of 25.8 %, followed by school teachers (ASP = 23.2 %), peri-urban residents (ASP = 20.5 %) and lowest among rural residents (ASP = 8.7 %). Only 50.0 % of participants with hypertension were aware of their raised blood pressure. The overall age-standardized prevalence of pre-hypertension was 21.0 %. Factors found to be associated with hypertension were: population group, older age, higher body mass index, higher fasting plasma glucose level, lower level of education, and tobacco use. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension are high, and differ by population group defined by occupation and degree of urbanization. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent8 pages ; illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGuwatudde, D., et al. 2015. The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa : a four-country cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15:1211, doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2546-zen_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2458 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/99837
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectHypertension -- sub-Saharan Africa -- Risk factorsen_ZA
dc.subjectChronic diseases -- Epidemiologyen_ZA
dc.subjectHypertension -- Epidemiology -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectHypertension -- Epidemiology -- Tanzaniaen_ZA
dc.subjectHypertension -- Epidemiology -- Nigeriaen_ZA
dc.subjectHypertension -- Epidemiology -- Ugandaen_ZA
dc.titleThe burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa : a four-country cross sectional studyen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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