Research Articles (Chemical Pathology)

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Browsing Research Articles (Chemical Pathology) by Subject "Biochemical markers"

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    Circulating miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p in prediabetes and screen-detected diabetes mellitus
    (Dove Press, 2020-12) Weale, Cecil Jack; Matshazi, Don M.; Davids, Saarah F. G.; Raghubeer, Shanel; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Davison, Glenda Mary; Matsha, Tandi E.
    Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) have been touted as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p for prediabetes and screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The study included 1270 participants (207 prediabetes, 94 screen-detected diabetes and 969 normotolerant) from the Vascular and Metabolic Health (VMH) study. Whole blood levels of miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p were quantitated by RT-qPCR. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to relate miRNAs with prediabetes or T2DM and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability of each miRNA to diagnose these conditions. Results: Both miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM (both ≥3.2-fold, and p<0.001). We also observed significant under-expression in T2DM relative to prediabetes for miR-182-5p (0.49-fold, p=0.001). Age, sex and BMI-adjusted partial correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significant correlation between the two miRNAs across glucose tolerance statuses (r≥0.932, p<0.001). In normotolerant individuals, both miRNAs showed a negative correlation with waist circumference and positive correlation with HDL-cholesterol whilst in T2DM they correlated positively with hip circumference, 2-hour insulin, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol. Multivariable logistic regressions revealed both miRNAs to be consistently and continuously associated with prediabetes or T2DM (OR≥1.18, 95% 95% CI: 1.10-1.28, p<0.001), while only miR-182-5p associated with a reduced prevalence of T2DM relative to prediabetes (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, p=0.003). In ROC analyses, miR-182-5p almost outperformed HbA1c in diagnosing prediabetes; area under the curve 0.74 vs 0.69. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p are associated with dysglycaemia and could potentially predict prediabetes, particularly miR-182-5p.
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    Troponins and acute coronary syndrome
    (Health and Medical Publications Group (HMPG), 2012--07) Rensburg, Megan; Path, F. C.
    Cardiac muscle injury is defined as the disruption of normal cardiac myocyte membrane integrity resulting in the loss of intracellular constituents such as troponin, creatine kinase, and myoglobin into the extracellular space. The mechanism of injury includes trauma, toxins and viral infections, but ischaemia or infarction – due to an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen – is the most common cause.