Browsing by Author "Van Eeden, S. F."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Community-acquired pneumonia - factors influencing intensive care admission
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1988-01) Van Eeden, S. F.; Coetzee, A. R.; Joubert, J. R.
    The mortality rate in critically ill patients with pneumonia who receive invasive vital organ support, including mechanical ventilation, in an intensive care unit (ICU) remains above 50%. The contribution of these costly life support systems to the survival of patients with extensive pneumonia is a matter for debate. The high mortality rate in this group of patients can be attributed in part to the fact that they are frequently referred for ICU care when their condition has already deteriorated to the point of no return. A retrospective study over 18 months of 34 cases of community-acquired pneumonia (17 patients required ventilatory support in the respiratory ICU) was undertaken to identify criteria which would justify early admission to an ICU. These were first-line clinical and biochemical factors, three of which were present in all patients on admission to hospital: (i) bronchopneumonia or lobar pneumonia involving more than two lobes (P < 0.001); (ii) respiratory rate > 30/min (P < 0.001); and (iii) partial arterial oxygen pressure < 8 kPa (P < 0.001). Other systemic factors associated with a poor prognosis and admission to the ICU were clinical signs of septicaemia, abnormal liver function and low serum albumin value. A scoring system for severity of pneumonia based on these factors is proposed. The possibility of an improved prognosis in a potentially reversible disease can become a reality if this approach is employed prospectively.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part II. Management of patients
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1985) Van Eeden, P. J.; Van Eeden, S. F.; Joubert, J. R.; King, J. B.; Van de Wal, B. W.; Michell, W. L.
    During the outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) at Tygerberg Hospital 8 patients were diagnosed positive. CCHF was diagnosed in another patient several months later. The treatment of these 9 cases is outlined. When it became evident that CCHF could present with a spectrum of severity, treatment was adjusted according to each patient's requirements. The essential components consisted of correction of haematological abnormalities combined with hyperimmune serum; the latter is particularly important for the severely ill patient with no antibodies to CCHF. The antiviral agents ribavirin and interferon were used but evidence to substantiate their application in future cases was inconclusive. Interferon was discontinued because of severe side-effects, many of which simulated the clinical features of CCHF. Objective improvement after corticosteroid treatment was noted in only 1 patient, but some of her symptoms could have been due to a transfusion reaction. Antibiotics were not routinely used. The 2 patients who died were diagnosed late, did not receive hyperimmune serum, and eventually developed multi-organ failure. The course of CCHF can probably be modified if the diagnosis is made early, if antiserum is given, and if the haematological abnormalities are promptly corrected.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Thiamine deficiency-induced gestational polyneuropathy and encephalopathy : a case report
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1985) Nel, J. T.; Van Heyningen, C. F.; Van Eeden, S. F.; Labadarios, D.; Louw, N. S.
    A 22-year-old multigravida presented with polyneuropathy and encephalopathy at 18 weeks' pregnancy. After excluding other applicable conditions, the diagnosis of a hyperemesis-induced thiamine deficiency was made. With the necessary vitamin supplementation the patient gradually recovered over a period of 4 months and was delivered of a normal infant at term. Gestational polyneuropathy and encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency has very rarely been reported. The literature is reviewed with discussion of the differential diagnosis, the treatment and the prognosis.