Browsing by Author "Leulseged, Tigist W."

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    Laboratory biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and outcome : findings from a developing country
    (Public Library of Science, 2021-03) Leulseged, Tigist W.; Hassen, Ishmael S.; Ayele, Birhanu T.; Tsegay, Yakob G.; Abebe, Daniel S.; Edo, Mesay G.; Maru, Endalkachew H.; Zewde, Wuletaw C.; Naylor, Lydia K.; Semane, Dejene F.; Dresse, Menayit T.; Tezera, Bereket B.
    Aim: To identify laboratory biomarkers that predict disease severity and outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 429 COVID-19 patients who were on follow up from July to October 2020. Data was described using frequency tables. Robust Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity where adjusted relative risk (ARR), P-value and 95 CI for ARR were used to test significance. Binary Logistic regression model was used to assess the presence of statistically significant association between the explanatory variables and COVID-19 outcome where adjusted odds ratio (AOR), P-value and 95%CI for AOR were used for testing significance. Results: Among the 429 patients studied, 182 (42.4%) had Severe disease at admission and the rest 247 (57.6%) had Non-severe disease. Regarding disease outcome, 45 (10.5%) died and 384 (89.5%) were discharged alive. Age group (ARR = 1.779, 95%CI = 1.405–2.252, p-value <0.0001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (ARR = 4.769, 95%CI = 2.419–9.402 p-value <0.0001), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (ARR = 1.358, 95%CI = 1.109–1.662 p-value = 0.003), Sodium (ARR = 1.321, 95%CI = 1.091–1.600 p-value = 0.004) and Potassium (ARR = 1.269, 95%CI = 1.059–1.521 p-value = 0.010) were found to be significant predictors of COVID-19 severity. The following factors were significantly associated with COVID-19 outcome; age group (AOR = 2.767, 95%CI = 1.099–6.067, p-value = 0.031), white blood cell count (WBC) (AOR = 4.253, 95%CI = 1.918–9.429, p-value = 0.0001) and sodium level (AOR = 3.435, 95%CI = 1.439–8.198, p-value = 0.005). Conclusions: Assessing and monitoring the laboratory markers of WBC, NLR, SGOT, sodium and potassium levels at the earliest stage of the disease could have a considerable role in halting disease progression and death.
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    Time to optimal glycaemic control and prognostic factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (PLoS, 2019-07-31) Leulseged, Tigist W.; Ayele, Birhanu T.
    Aim: To estimate time to first optimal glycaemic control and identify prognostic factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending diabetes clinic of public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at diabetes clinic of Addis Ababa’s public teaching hospitals among a randomly selected sample of 685 charts of patients with T2DMwho were on follow up from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017. Data was collected using data abstraction tool. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan Meier plots, median survival time, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard survival models were used for analysis. Results: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among the study population was 9.5 months. Factors that affect time to first optimal glycaemic control were age group (HR = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.486–0.831 for 50–59 years, HR = 0.558, 95% CI: 0.403–0.771for 60–69 years and HR = 0.495, 95% CI: 0.310–0.790 for > = 70 years), diabetes neuropathy (HR = 0.502, 95% CI: 0.375–0.672), more than one complication (HR = 0.381, 95% CI: 0.177–0.816), hypertension (HR = 0.611, 95% CI: 0.486–0.769), dyslipidemia (HR = 0.609, 95% CI: 0.450–0.824), cardiovascular disease (HR = 0.670, 95% CI: 0.458–0.979) and hospital patient being treated (HR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.052–1.541). Conclusions: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among T2DM patients is longer than expected which might imply that patients are being exposed to more risk of complication and death.