SUNScholar - Browsing by Author "Hough, F. S."

Browsing by Author "Hough, F. S."

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Advanced osteitis fibrosa cystica in the absence of phalangeal subperiosteal resorption : a case report and review of the literature
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1985) Wagener, G. W. W.; Sandler, M.; Hough, F. S.
A case of primary hyperparathyroidism with advanced osteitis fibrosa cystica but without any subperiosteal phalangeal bone resorption is described. A review of this unusual rdiological feature is presented. High-detail magnification radiography (microradiography) is advocated for the early diagnosis of bony defects in hyperparathyroidism.
Alterations of bone and mineral metabolism in diabetes mellitus : Part II. Clinical studies in 206 patients with type I diabetes mellitus
(Health and Medical Publishing Group -- HMPG, 1987-07) Hough, F. S.
This study reports a 22% prevalence of significant cortical osteopenia in 206 patients, aged 7 - 20 years, with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A parallel decrease in trabecular bone mass was also noted. Bone loss was more evident in males (16%) than in females (6%) and was rare before 10 years of age (3%). No relationship between bone loss and the duration of diabetes, degree of metabolic control or diabetic complications was apparent. Delayed skeletal maturation did not account for cortical thinning, and the mean bone age of osteopenic diabetics was similar to that of non-osteopenic diabetics. There was no significant correlation between HLA-antigen frequency and the predisposition to diabetic osteopenia. Metabolic alterations comparable with previous findings in the chronically diabetic rat were documented in IDDM. The data documented are consistent with the conclusion that IDDM results in intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, absorptive hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperphosphatasaemia, and decreased circulating parathyroid hormone levels. These alterations in mineral metabolism may relate to the decrease in cortical and trabecular bone mass observed in patients with IDDM.
Alterations of bone and mineral metabolism in diabetes mellitus. : part I. An overview
(Health and Medical Publishing Group -- HMPG, 1987-07) Hough, F. S.
A critical review of the literature leads to the conclusion that alterations of bone and mineral metabolism occur both in diabetic patients and in animals with experimentally induced insulin deficiency syndromes. The coexistence of juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1) and radiological evidence of decreased bone mass (osteopenia) appears to be firmly established. Available data support the view that these patients have an increased propensity to skeletal fracture. Adult-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetic populations, more heterogenous as regards the type of diabetes, the therapy and the presence of complications or coexistent disease, are characterised by subpopulations with either a decreased, a normal or an increased bone mass. The pathogenesis of diabetic osteopenia is multifactorial. Data obatained from studies employing appropriate animal models of chronic insulin deficiency indicate that various metabolic and hormonal abnormalities may be involved.
Catecholamine release as mediator of intracellular enzyme activation in ischaemic perfused rat hearts
(Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 1975) Hough, F. S.; Gevers, W.
Isolated rat hearts perfused at suboptimal pressures have been studied as a model for generalized myocardial ischaemia. Glycogen phosphorylase a and hormone sensitive triglyceridase activities, measured as markers for endogenous catecholamine release, were significantly increased at low perfusion pressures. Pharmacological blockage of noradrenaline re uptake accentuated these effects, and depletion of catecholamine reserves eliminated them. This phenomenon may be important in the pathophysiology of cardiac ischaemia and its serious complications.
Chroniese miltabses : 'n gevalbespreking
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1984) Tredoux, J. G.; Hough, F. S.; Adams, G.; Beyers, J. A.; Klopper, J. F.
A 16-year-old girl had had a splenic abscess for approximately 20 months with minimal symptoms and signs. Progressive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm could be traced on chest radiographs from 20 months before admission, and was shown on ultrasonography, radionuclide scintigraphy and computed tomography to be secondary to massive splenomegaly. The presence of splenic abscesses was confirmed by laparotomy and she was cured by splenectomy. The nonspecific clinical presentation and potential high mortality of this condition are stressed, and the role of diagnostic aids is discussed. Ultrasonography is a good screening procedure in terms of cost and speed, but splenic scintigraphy is more sensitive. Computed tomography is the most sensitive and specific non-invasive procedure for the diagnosis of splenic abscesses.
Endemic fluorosis -a model for studies examining the effect of fluoride on bone
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1997) Honiball, S. C.; Blaauw, Renee; Martell, R.; Taljaard, J. J. F.; Stokol, J. M.; Hough, F. S.
The use of fluoride in the treatment of osteoporosis is complicated by concerns about the integrity of the newly formed bone, as well as the fact that not all patients respond to the drug. In an attempt to broaden insight into the varied skeletal response to fluoride exposure, we studied (clinical, dietary analysis, radiology, biochemistry and genetic markers) all 114 permanent inhabitants of an endemic fluorosis area. Unequivocal radiological evidence of osteofluorosis was present in 26% of subjects, while 48% had normal skeletal radiological results and 4% were found to be osteopenic. Twenty-two per cent were unclassifiable. Individuals with fluorosis were older and predominantly male. Although musculoskeletal symptoms occurred more frequently in patients with osteofluorosis, these subjects did not have an increased fracture prevalence and were, in fact, found to have a higher metacarpal as well as femoral cortical bone mass. In subjects with osteofluorosis, the average fluoride intake and residency in the area were similar to those of unaffected Kenhardt individuals, implying that there are causative factors other than fluoride exposure. Moreover, renal excretion of fluoride was comparable, as was the average energy, protein, mineral and alcohol intake. Mean serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were unremarkable and similar in subjects with and without osteofluorosis. However, a family tree analysis of the population revealed that 4 very closely related subjects had osteopenia, which suggests that a genetic predisposition may at least partially explain why the skeletal response to fluoride is not determined by fluoride exposure alone.
Influence of disodium etidronate on Paget's disease of bone
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1987) Muir, H. G.; Schabort, I.; Hough, F. S.
The use of agents that decrease bone resorption, notably the calcitonins, diphosphonates and mithramycin, has been shown to result in symptomatic and/or biochemical improvement in patients with Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans). The effects of short-term (6 months), low-dose (5 mg/kg body mass/d) etidronate disodium, a diphosphonate compound at present subject to registration in this country, on the clinical and laboratory manifestations of this disorder were examined. Marked symptomatic improvement was noted in 70% of patients, while biochemical parameters of bone turnover, namely serum alkaline phosphatase level (44%) and urine hydroxyproline excretion (56%), decreased significantly (P less than 0.001). A technetium-99m bone scan revealed an impressive reduction in uptake of isotope in 50% of patients. The drug was well tolerated and no adverse reactions (clinical, biochemical or haematological) were evident. It is concluded that short-term low-dose etidronate disodium affords a convenient and effective therapeutic alternative in patients with symptomatic Paget's disease.
Measurement of micro-albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1992) Nortje, H. F. M.; Aalbers, C.; Taljaard, J. J. F.; Hough, F. S.; Nortje, H. F. M.; Aalbers, C.; Taljaard, J. J. F.; Hough, F. S.
Persistent micro-albuminuria (MA) in patients with diabetes mellitus identifies a high-risk group for the development of vascular complications. Since the methodology involved in measuring MA has not been standardised, MA in 40 diabetic patients was measured in order to compare nephelometry with radio-immunoassay (RIA). The effect of storage (7 days), the influence of freezing and thawing on MA levels, and possible differences between glass and plastic containers were also assessed. An excellent correlation (r = 0,971) was found between RIA and nephelometry. Urine could be safely stored at 4°C in either plastic or glass containers without any signiicant influence on MA concentrations. It is concluded that nephelometry is an excellent method for accurately measuring MA.
Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986) Beyers, Nulda; Hough, F. S.
Small preterm infants often develop osteopenia with or without rickets and with or without fractures. Whether these bone abnormalities all form part of the same disease process with a wide spectrum of presentation or whether each abnormality represents a different disease is as yet unclear. Bone mineralization depends largely on adequate supplies of calcium and phosphate. The normal intra-uterine accretion of these minerals is higher than can be achieved by feeding preterm babies postnatally with breastmilk or conventional formulas. Supplementation with calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D is needed to prevent the development of 'neonatal osteopathy'. The main action of vitamin D in the preterm baby is probably to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, although it may, together with other calciotrophic hormones, have a more specific effect on bone growth.
Metacarpal bone mass in the white and coloured populations of the Cape
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1987) Wagener, G. W.; Hough, F. S.
Morphometric measurements (radiogrammetry) of metacarpal cortical bone from fine-grain radiographic film using a magnifying eyepiece (magnification radiogrammetry) is a simple, inexpensive, reproducible and well-accepted method for assessing appendicular bone mass. Normal values for different countries and ethnic groups must first be established before this method can be applied in clinical practice. The need for normative data in South African coloured and white populations prompted this study.
Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis in a South African population. A prospective study
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1994) Blaauw, Renee; Albertse, E. C.; Beneke, T.; Lombard, C. J.; Laubscher, R.; Hough, F. S.
Despite the vast number of risk factors that apparently predispose to the development of osteoporosis (OP), they have not been accurately identified and given relative priority. In order to analyse possible risk factors prospectively in a local patient population with overt OP (histomorphometrically confirmed and characterised) and compare it with an appropriately matched non-OP control group (with normal bone mass on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), a detailed general history, risk factor analysis, dietary history and anthropometric data were obtained from 56 OP and 125 non-OP subjects. In females a positive family history of OP (P = 0,002), a fair complexion (P = 0,009), lower body mass (P = 0,02) and height (P = 0,03), no breast-feeding of babies (P = 0,006), a history of smoking (P = 0,001) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0,009) were idenfified as risk factors. In males lack of exercise (P = 0,008), a history of smoking (P = 0,01), lower body mass (P = 0,04) and height (P = 0,04), a preference for salty food (P = 0,02) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0,002) appeared to predispose. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, protein and caffeine intakes were similar in OP and control subjects, but alcohol consumption was clearly higher in both OP males (P = 0,001) and females (P = 0,01).
Steroid-induced osteoporosis
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1994) Hough, F. S.
To the Editor: Kalla et al. ' recently published their work on the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy on the bone mass of 'patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They made the interesting observation that cortical bone mass was significantly lower in patients with RA than in those with SLE, although the latter required larger cumulative doses of GC for longer periods.
Supplemented low-protein diets : are they superior in chronic renal failure?
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1995) Herselman, M. G.; Albertse, E. C.; Lombard, C. J.; Swanepoel, C. R.; Hough, F. S.
Twenty-two patients with chronic renal failure were randomly assigned to a conventional low-protein diet containing 0,6g protein/kg/day or a very-low-protein diet containing 0,6g protein/kg/day supplemented with essential amino acids; they were followed up for 9 months. There were no significant changes in body mass index, arm muscle area, percentage body fat, serum albumin and transferrin levels in any of the groups; neither was there any difference between the groups in respect of these parameters. Renal function, as measured by the reciprocal of serum creatinine over time, stabilised in both groups during intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. There was however no correlation between changes in renal function and changes in blood pressure, or dietary intake of protein, phosphorus, cholesterol, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. There were also no significant changes and no significant differences between the groups in serum levels of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, urine cyclic adenosine monophosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and the theoretical renal threshold for phosphate. The results of this study suggest that the supplemented very-low-protein diet was not superior to the conventional low-protein diet in terms of its effect on protein-energy status, renal function and biochemical parameters of renal osteodystrophy.
Vitamin D and mineral metabolism in normal pregnancy and in the normal fetus
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986) Beyers, Nulda; Odendaal, H. J.; Hough, F. S.
Metabolic bone diseases in neonates are being recognized with increasing frequency but, despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of neonatal osteopenia remains unclear. This review briefly summarizes vitamin D and mineral metabolism in the normal non-pregnant human adult, and then addresses the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and fetal life.

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