Browsing by Author "Feinauer, Ilse"

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    Are South African print newspaper narratives reframed for Internet news portals or not?
    (Stellenbosch University, Department of General Linguistics, 2016) Feinauer, Ilse
    This paper deals with the translation of newspaper texts from Afrikaans/English newspapers for Afrikaans/English Internet news portals. In this paper I discuss to what extent newspaper reports, selected for translation and subsequent publication on the Internet, undergo a reframing process and how these reports are edited, rewritten, reshaped and repackaged (transformed) for a new cultural context (Bielsa and Bassnett 2009). This study has a sociological and cultural perspective in that it deals with Baker’s (2006) narrative frame model in detecting which narrative frames can be identified in the translation of these texts from South African newspapers for a more global readership. Baker sees framing as an active strategy that implies agency through which translators consciously participate in the construction of reality within a specific socio-cultural group. The way in which and the reasons why the news teams for the Internet news portals (re)direct or reframe the perspective of reality as constituted within South African print newspapers is the main research topic.
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    Doen die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal Deel XII dit vir die Afrikaanse taal en die Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografie?
    (Bureau of the WAT, 2007) Feinauer, Ilse
    Hierdie resensieartikel wil vasstel in watter mate WAT deel XII aan die missie van die WAT voldoen, naamlik "om die Afrikaanse taal en die gebruikers daarvan te dien, asook die leksikografie in die algemeen, veral die Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografie". Daar word ondersoek ingestel na die voortekste, agtertekste en die sentrale teks, en aangetoon dat albei buitetekste geïntegreer is met die sentrale teks en in daardie opsig dus wel die leksikografie dien. Wat die sen-trale teks betref, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die gebruikers van die Afrikaanse taal sowel as die Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografie meer daarby sal baat indien dit deegliker gekonseptua-liseer en beplan sou word aan die hand van leksikografiese funksies. Die keuse van leksikale items wat die omvattendheid van die Afrikaanse leksikon illustreer en verteenwoordig sal ook aan die hand van 'n goed beplande korpus herbedink moet word. Frekwent gebruikte woorde sal dus nie langer as lemmatekens oor die hoof gesien word nie en die lengte van artikelinskrywings behoort ook meer gelykvormig gebalanseer te word. Sodoende sal die Afrikaanse taal en die gebruikers daarvan beter gedien word. Die Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografie sal daarby baat indien die WAT sou terugkeer na wat van 'n omvattende woordeboek verwag word, naamlik 'n meer gebalanseerde verteenwoordiging van makro- en mikrostruktuur. Dit behoort ook te lei tot 'n meer eweredige verspreiding van artikelomvang en minder onbewerkte lemmatekens.
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    Framed communities : translating the State of the Nation
    (Stellenbosch University, Department of Linguistics, 2014) Janse van Rensburg, Thelme; Feinauer, Ilse
    The South African President delivers a State of the Nation Address every year. In this speech he conveys his opinion on the current state of affairs in the country. Since it is impossible for the President to accommodate all 11 official languages of the country, most of his speech is given in English. A few weeks after the Address, the speech is translated into all 11 languages and can be viewed on the Government’s official website. Unfortunately, by that time the Address is considered old news. The country’s different media channels report extensively on this speech. These reports can, however, be regarded as much more than simple commentaries on the speech – they are in fact reframed and rewritten versions of the speech that affect, shape and sustain the opinions and ideologies of their readers. These media channels also provide the vehicles through which common links can be established between supporters of the same media to reinforce their belief that they form part of an established community (Bielsa and Bassnett 2009:33). In situations where communication is present or necessary, it is impossible to escape the process or effect of framing, as framing implies “‘how speakers mean what they say’” (Tannen and Wallat 1993:60, in Baker 2006:105). Therefore, the presence and effects of framing should never be ignored. In the case at hand, it is through rewriting the President’s speech to fit the framework of the particular media channel that framing takes place. Baker (2006:3) supports the integral role framing plays in (intra- or interlingual) translation by introducing the idea that the translated and reformulated narratives that we are exposed to on a daily basis constitute the everyday stories that shape the way we perceive reality. Therefore, it is vital to investigate this process and how it affects both the target text and the target readership. In this exploration of rewritings of the State of the Nation Address, the researchers focus on three different South African publications, and how each uses the same source text to create vastly differing target texts. By catering for their target markets, these publications maintain or shape a specific point of view; by focusing on specific parts of the source text that would interest their readership, they, at the same time, only expose the readers to these sections of the speech, and subsequently frame the readers’ perception of the Address, the President, and ultimately, their country.
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    Ideologiese oorwegings by die vertaling van Anne Frank se dagboek, Het Achterhuis, in Afrikaans
    (Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, 2011-06) Spies, Carla-Marie; Feinauer, Ilse
    AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie artikel word ondersoek ingestel na die ideologiese motiverings agter die besluitneming in die vertaling van Anne Frank se dagboek, Het Achterhuis uit Nederlands in Afrikaans (Die Agterhuis). Daar word gekyk na die besluitneming ten opsigte van die oorkoepelende vertaalstrategie, asook die hantering van ideologiese verwysings in die dagboek. Die dagboek is sedert die eerste Nederlandse uitgawe in 1947 in meer as 60 tale vertaal. Vanweë die verskillende vertalings en verwerkings van die dagboek word die vraag gevra wie die régte Anne Frank is, aangesien die outentisiteit van die dagboek dikwels ingeboet is en die stem en styl van die dagboekskrywer nie altyd getrou weergegee is nie. Die beeld van Anne en haar dagboek is dus dikwels ideologies gemanipuleer en gefalsifi seer en as antwoord hierop, besluit Spies om hoofsaaklik van ’n vervreemdingsbenadering (Venuti 1995) gebruik te maak en besonder naby die bronteks te bly in haar Afrikaanse vertaling van die dagboek. Daar word telkens dermate vervreem dat ouer Afrikaanse en Nederlandistiese uitdrukkings dikwels in die Afrikaanse doelteks voorkom. Die doelteks word wel toeganklik vir die doelteksleser gemaak deurdat die dagboek origens in idiomatiese Afrikaans vertaal word en deur middel van die vertaler se uitgebreide funksionele gebruik van die parateks (Spies 2011). Deur middel van hierdie vervreemdingsbenadering slaag die vertaler daarin om die stem en styl van Anne in die Afrikaanse teks behoue te laat bly en so ’n getroue beeld van Anne weer te gee en die outentisiteit van die dagboek te behou. Hierdie benadering verhoog die literêre waarde van die doelteks en dra by tot die aanvaarbaarheid daarvan in die doeltekskultuur en sodoende die geslaagdheid van die Afrikaanse vertaling van die dagboek van Anne Frank.
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    Die literere vertaler as kulturele bemiddelaar
    (AOSIS Publishing, 2008-07-25) Muller, M. B.; Feinauer, Ilse
    The translation process is an intercultural transfer that does not only take place between two languages, but between two cultures, as the source and target text are each embedded in a communicative situation in their respective cultures. The literary translator is thus faced with the problem of how to handle the cultural aspects implicit in a source text, and of choosing the most suitable technique to convey these aspects to the target text successfully while keeping in mind the characteristics of the intended readers. The translator can thus be regarded as a cultural mediator who facilitates communication and understanding between people or groups who differ with regard to language and culture. The various culture-specific words and concepts in Dalene Matthee’s “Fiela se kind” have far-reaching implications for translation. The extent to which the translator – Matthee herself – succeeded in functioning as a cultural mediator in “Fiela’s child” is investigated in this article by means of contrastive analysis. It is argued that a decisive loss of meaning and emotional value occured during the translation process to the detriment of the target text as a literary work. The contention of this article is that Matthee’s way of handling translation problems on a microstructural level brought about macrotextual semantic shifts in the target text, and that she did not succeed in fulfilling her role as a cultural mediator at all the levels of the text.
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    The loyalty of the literary reviser : author, source text, target text or reader?
    (University of Stellenbosch, Department of General Linguistics, 2017) Feinauer, Ilse; Lourens, Amanda
    The processes of revision and translation, according to Mossop (2010:112-113), can address the problem of conflicting interests, goals and needs by taking different approaches. Translation, he suggests, should seek to achieve a balance between loyalty to the source text author and to the target text readers, whereas revision should serve the interests of the future readers of the text. As a result, revising activities will steer away from a linguistic or a text-based approach in order to prioritise the needs of the reader. The question, however, is whether revisers in literary translation processes do follow the suggested approach and prioritise the needs of the target readers. An empirical analysis of the metatextual discourse among the agents involved in three different literary translation processes seeks to answer this question. During the course of this analysis, a second question presents itself, namely whether self-revision and other-revision (Mossop 2010:167, 174) should be discerned as two distinct types of revision or whether this distinction could be refined. The results of the subsequent analysis give rise to the presumption that such a binary projection of the act of revision can be contested. It is instead suggested that revision can be plotted on a continuum, with self-revision by the translator as the one end and revision by others as the other end. The analysis of three Afrikaans novels translated into English by the same award-winning translator suggests that self-revision by the translator may find itself moving away from true self-revision (a process that is not influenced by feedback from agents other than the translator) initially to a second phase of self-revision that is shaped by revision by others (e.g. the author, reviser and editor).
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    Over lexicale voorkeuren in de alternantie tussen de "skoon bysin" en de "dat-bysin" : een distinctieve collexeemanalyse
    (Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, 2016-03) Colleman, Timothy; Feinauer, Ilse; Braeckeveldt, Charlotte
    It is well-known that the alternation in current Afrikaans between (i) the complement clause with dependent word order and an overt complementiser dat ("that"), and the so-called skoon bysin "bare complement clause" without an overt complementiser and with independent word order is determined inter alia by lexical factors. The bare complement clause is said to occur particularly after main clauses with sê ("say"), dink ("think"), glo ("believe") and similar high-frequency verbs. However, not much empirical research into the preferences of various matrix verbs for the one or the other construction has been done. This article is aimed at identifying, by means of a distinctive collexeme analysis (Gries & Stefanowitsch 2004), the verbs that show a significant preference for either the dat-complement clause or the bare complement clause in a corpus of general journalistic text. We selected 180 test verbs: 76 verbs were taken from Braeckeveldt (2013) and 104 verbs were added to this corpus, mainly from Van Rooy and Kruger (2016). These verbs were all manually analysed and the observed frequencies extrapolated, using all available articles of Die Burger for the period 02/01/2003 to 01/05/2003, in total 6,3 million words. We identified 27 distinctive collexemes for the bare complement clause, i.e. verbs which show a significantly above-average preference for this construction, vs. 59 distinctive collexemes for the dat-complement clause. When we compare the results ofthe collexeme analysis with thefindings of Van Rooy and Kruger (2016) on the effect of the variable matrix verb, the similarities are greater than the differences. This indicates that the lexical preferences of verbs are quite solid: generally the same verbs are attracted to either the bare complement clause or the dat-clause in different corpora of present-day written Afrikaans. Distinctive collexeme analysis can be seen as an exploratory technique that can yield hypotheses about the semantic variables potentially playing a role in a specific alternation. The results from the quantitative analysis allow for a number of generalisations about the semantic sub-types of verbs attracted towards the bare complement clause or towards the dat-clause. For instance, causative matrix verbs consistently show a strong preference for the dat-clause: five of the ten most distinctive dat-collexemes belong to this type (sorg ("provide"), veroorsaak ("cause"), toelaat ("allow"), meebring ("cause/involve"), keer ("prevent")). The distinctive collexemesof the bare complement clause, by contrast, almost all belong to the semantic classes of verbs of communication (e.g. sê ("say"), vertel ("tell"), laat weet ("let know")) and, especially, verbs of cognition (e.g. dink ("think"), glo ("believe"), meen ("think", "mean"), besef ("realise"), weet ("know")), including the closely related sub-class ofverbs ofperception (sien ("see"), hoor ("hear"), voel ("feel")). With this article, we wanted to present empirical data on the lexical preferences of a large and heterogeneous set of matrix verbs for either the bare complement clause or the dat-clause, with a view to refining existing views on the exact kinds of verbs attracted to both constructions, and, hence, on the semantic variables that can be included in multifactorial work on the alternation in question. In future research, it would also be interesting to compare the semantic variables co-determining the alternation in Afrikaans to those that potentially play a role in other (Germanic) languages with an alternation between "ordinary" complement clauses and complement clauses displaying main clause characteristics such as different word order and/or the absence of a complementiser (e.g. English, German, Danish).
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    Professionele vertalers as woordeboekgebruikers
    (Bureau of the WAT, 2007) Crafford, M. F.; Feinauer, Ilse
    'n Ondersoek na die eienskappe en werkswyse van professionele vertalers en die kenmerke van die vertaalproses toon dat professionele vertalers spesifieke leksikografiese behoeftes het wat nie volledig deur tradisionele tweetalige woordeboeke bevredig kan word nie. Die probleme of behoeftes wat by die professionele vertaling van T2 > T1-tekste kan ontstaan en deur die leksikografiese data in 'n vertaalwoordeboek opgelos of bevredig kan word, word onder-soek. Die begrippe tweetalige woordeboek, vertalende woordeboek en vertaalwoordeboek word bespreek. Op grond van die werklike doel en funksies van 'n vertaalwoordeboek word oorwegings uitgelig wat by die produksie van 'n vertaalwoordeboek in ag geneem moet word.
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    'n Taalkundige kyk na glossariums in literere vertaalprodukte
    (2015-04) Feinauer, Ilse
    INLEIDING: Dit was heelwat makliker gesê as gedaan om die meer strukturele onderbou van die taalkunde te kombineer met die moderner bewegings in die vertaalteorie. Die taalkunde skakel ook nie noodwendig altyd naatloos met die vertaalteorie nie omdat ’n baie groot deel van die vertaalteorie deesdae literêre teorieë insluit. Nog ’n rede is dat daar ’n beweging weg van bronteksgeoriënteerde na doelteksgeoriënteerde vertaalteoretiese modelle was. Laasgenoemde tipe modelle het meestal ’n skerper fokus op die ontvangs van die vertaalde teks in die doelkultuur en die rede waarom die teks hoegenaamd vertaal is; die navorsing is met ander woorde sterker ideologie-krities van aard. Daarteenoor was die bronteksgeoriënteerde modelle veel meer gemoeid met die wyse waarop die teks vertaal is, byvoorbeeld tot watter mate wyk die doelteks van die bronteks af en hoe verskil die doeltaal van die brontaal. Ek wil nie een van hierdie benaderings gebruik nie, maar eerder kyk of die meer strukturele taalkundige benadering wel ’n bydrae kan lewer tot die vertaalpraktyk en vertaalteorie. Sodoende kan ek al drie velde betrek waarin ek navorsing doen en wat ek onderrig. Een aspek binne die vertaalteorie wat my deesdae veral interesseer, is probleme wat binne die veld ontstaan as gevolg van inkonsekwente, onduidelike en ongedefinieerde terminologie.
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    Tussen tale : 'n stereoskopiese lees van Breyten Breytenbach se oorblyfsel/voice over aan die hand van literere teorie
    (LitNet, 2014-08) Kirsten, Elzet; Feinauer, Ilse
    In die tweetalige digbundel oorblyfsel/voice over gebruik Breyten Breytenbach (2009) ’n ongewone vertaalstrategie wat nie geredelik deur die meeste vertaalteoretiese benaderings beskryf kan word nie. Dié strategie, oortekening (Odendaal 2011), behels dat sommige woorde foneties en/of grafies vertaal word eerder as semanties. Die verskil tussen die twee weergawes in die konteks van die tweetalige uitleg veroorsaak dat die tweetalige leser interessante interpretasies kan maak op grond van die twee weergawes saam deur heen en weer tussen die weergawes te beweeg – met ander woorde, deur stereoskopies te lees (Rose 1997). Hierdie artikel fokus op die vertaalverhouding tussen die Afrikaanse en Engelse weergawes in hierdie bundel wat deur oortekening en die tweetalige uitleg moontlik gemaak word en op die stereoskopiese lees- en interpretasieproses waaraan die tweetalige leser uitgenooi word om deel te neem. Drie konsepte uit die literêre teorie word op hierdie vertaalverhouding toegepas om sodoende ’n teoretiese raamwerk te skep waarin die bundel se vertaalaspek en die stereoskopiese lees- en interpretasieproses beskryf en begryp kan word: Pratt (1987, 1991, 1992, 1996) se contact zone, Bhabha (1993) se in-between en Lecercle (1990) se remainder word krities bespreek en in Afrikaans vertaal – as kontaksone, (in)tussen(in) en oorblyfsel onderskeidelik – voor dit op voorbeelde uit die bundel toegepas word. In die bundel skep die Afrikaanse en Engelse weergawes langs mekaar ’n kontaksone tussen die twee tale en tussen die weergawes in die onderskeie tale; die verskil in betekenis van die weergawes veroorsaak teenstrydigheid. Die (in)tussen(in) beskryf die tyd en ruimte van interpretasie wanneer en waar sowel hierdie teenstrydige betekenisse as die ooreenkomste tussen die weergawes gelyktydig teenwoordig is. Die oorblyfsel laat toe dat die onderskeid wat vertaling tussen vorm en betekenis maak, ontgin kan word om die meerduidigheid en betekenende veelvuldigheid van taal vry te laat.
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    Voorstelle vir die produksie van 'n vertaalwoordeboek vir professionele vertalers
    (Bureau of the WAT, 2008) Crafford, M. F.; Feinauer, Ilse
    The profile of the potential user needs to be the guiding principle in all lexicographic decisions whenever dictionaries are designed, revised or compiled. It follows, then, that the format, structure and organisation of a translation dictionary aimed at the needs of professional translators should be based on the specific needs of that distinct user group. This article contains general guidelines for both the outer texts and the central part of a translation dictionary aimed at the needs of professional translators mainly translating from English (T2) into Afrikaans (T1). A possible format for the microstructure of such a dictionary (English > Afrikaans) is given and the possible lexicographic treatment of a few sample entries is discussed in detail. The possibility of formative evaluation by means of the principle of simultaneous feedback is briefly touched on.