Browsing by Author "Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna"

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    Antimicrobial resistance phenotype of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolates obtained from meat in the formal and informal sectors in South Africa
    (ps202304, 2020-09) Jaja, Ishmael Festus; Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana Iwu; Chigor, Nnamdi Vincent; Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna; Maduabuchi, Ezealisiji Kenneth; Oguttu, James Wabwire; Green, Ezekiel
    Background: Foodborne diseases (FBD) caused by resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. One main driver of the increasing FBD incidence is the transfer of pathogenic organisms from animal guts to carcasses during processing and subsequent transfer from meat products to consumers. Methods: In this study, meat samples from abattoirs in the formal meat sector (FMS) (n = 140) and slaughter points in the informal meat sector (IMS) (n = 104) were collected for microbial detection and phenotypic AMR determination using polymerase chain reaction. Results. The antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolates revealed that resistance to clindamycin (74.3%) and ampicillin (59.5%) was highest in the FMS, while resistance to penicillin (83.8%) and tetracycline (82.1%) was highest in the IMS. Escherichia coli isolates show significant resistance to chloramphenicol (90.7%) and tetracycline (82.3%) in the FMS. Likewise, resistance to tetracycline (92.3%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (87.5%) was highest in the IMS. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) for S. aureus and E. coli ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests high-level contamination of meat with resistant pathogens and highlights the public health consequences associated with consuming such unhygienic products
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    A perspective on Nigeria's preparedness, response and challenges to mitigating the spread of COVID-19
    (MDPI, 2020-09-21) Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna; Festus, Ishmael Jaja; Nwobi, Obichukwu Chisom; Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana Iwu; Oguttu, James Wabwire
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease pandemic that emerged in late 2019 in China, and later spread to other parts of the world, including Nigeria. This review analyzes the preparedness of Nigeria to the COVID-19 pandemic and recommends strategies that could be useful in controlling the disease. Published articles on COVID-19 worldwide, socioeconomic and disease status and preparedness to COVID-19 in Africa and Nigeria, were retrieved from databases such as Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Google search engine. Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world, and is one of the largest crude oil producers in the world. However, its healthcare system is dilapidated and weak, due to years of neglect and widespread corruption. As a result, Nigeria is vulnerable to COVID-19, as evidenced by the current geographical distribution of the disease in its population. Many socioeconomic factors could potentially facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This could lead to a high caseload in the country, which could overwhelm the health care system. The application of social distancing, personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene and mask-wearing, as practiced in many countries, has proven to be effective to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In Nigeria, social distancing, in many instances, may be impracticable, given its large population, and a high density of people living in crowded conditions like slums and camps. Moreover, there is a sizeable population of internally displaced people, due to the attack by Boko Haram fighters in Northern Nigeria, and herdsmen in Southern Nigeria. The implementation of these measures is likely to be a great challenge. Nigeria has announced a complete lockdown for the containment of COVD-19, but its implementation and efficacy are doubtful, due to the same reasons previously mentioned.
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    Social distancing : how religion, culture and burial ceremony undermine the effort to curb COVID-19 in South Africa
    (Taylor & Francis Online, 2020) Jaja, Ishmael Festus; Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna; Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana Iwu
    The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has altered the way we live, interact and socialized. The viral infection first detected in Wuhan China has rapidly spread globally and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.