Doctoral Degrees (Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine)

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Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine) by Author "Bisschoff, Fredrick A."

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    Die verband tussen geselekteerde persoonlikheidseienskappe, deelname aan en prestasiebereiking in verskillende tipes sportsoorte
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1994-12) Bisschoff, Fredrick A.; Potgieter, J. R.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Sport Science.
    ENGLISH SUMMARY: The purpose of this study is to examine common elements and the relationship and interaction between the optimal level of activation, choice of sport, achievement in sport and socialisation agents, and to use the results together with an in-depth literature study, to create a practical sports choice and sports achievement model which can be used as a guideline in sports counselling. An experimental group white, male provincial sportsmen (N =417) who participated in various sports (bowls [N =30]; cycling [N =45; hockey [N =32]; judo [N =30]; marathon running [N=40]; motocross [N=33]; parachuting [N=31]; rugby [N=45]; swimming [N=33]; tug-of-war [N=37]; water polo [N=30]; wrestling [N=31] and a control group [N =37]) was used in this study. A combined questionnaire which contained demographic information (including birth order and family size), the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the ReducerAugmenter Scale (RAS) and the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS Form V) was completed by each individual. The three dimensions related to the optimal level of activation show significant correlations (sensation seeking and reducing [r=0,624]; sensation seeking and extraversion [r=0,352]; reducing and extraversion [r=0,388]). This indicates a common basis. The sports groups in the three activation scales (SSS Form V; RAS and EPI) were compared with one another by one-way variance analysis. On the SSS Form V the sports groups differed significantly from one another (F12 = 13,46). The bowls and tugof- war groups show the lowest scores on the SSS Form V and differ significantly from the other sports groups. The water polo and parachuting groups have the highest scores and differ markedly from the cycling, hockey, judo, marathon running, bowls, wrestling, swimming and tug-of-war groups. The rugby group differs significantly from the marathon running, judo and bowls groups. The marathon running group has a significantly higher score than the bowls and tug-of-war groups and a markedly lower average score than the rugby, motocross, parachuting and water polo groups. The wrestling, judo and hockey groups show the same trend as the marathon running. groups, which achieved significantly higher and lower scores than the other sports groups. On the Reducer-Augmenter Scale (RAS) various sports groups differ significantly from one another (F12 = 14,85). The tug-of-war, marathon running and bowls groups which have the lowest average scores, differ markedly from all the other sports groups. The parachuting, motocross and water polo groups have the highest scores and differ significantly from the cycling, marathon running, bowls and tug-of-war groups. On the Eysenck Personality Inventory a number of sports groups differ markedly from one another (F12=1O,50). The rugby group shows the highest extraversion scores and differs significantly from all the other sports groups except the hockey and water polo groups. The last-mentioned two groups which have the seCond and third highest scores on the extraversion scale, differ markedly from the marthon running, parachuting, motocross, judo, wrestling and bowls groups. The bowls and marathon running groups which have the lowest scores for extraversion, differ significantly from the cycling, hockey, rugby, swimming, tug-of-war and water polo groups. First-born are underrepresented in all the sports except cycling, where 58 % participants were first-born. The parachuting and rugby groups consist of only 10% and 20% firstborn respectively. The sportsmen come from large families of an average of 3,3 children per family. The cycling and rugby groups deviate from the pattern with an average of 2,6 and 4,1 children per family respectively. As a result of the literature study and the above-mentioned results, a sports choice and sports achievement model was created. The basic elements of this model are genetic physiological and biochemical activation systems and characteristics on the one hand, and the different socialising factors on the other hand. The genetic physiological characteristics (Physique, V02 max., et cetera) which are specific prerequisites for success in a particular sport, are regarded as the first basic product of achievement in that sport. The optimal level of activation which comprises mainly sensation seeking, , regulation of stimulus intensity (augmenting-reducing) and extraversion-intraversion, is seen as the second prerequisite for sports choice, sports participation and sports achievement. The socialisation agents are the active dimension and changing dynamic element regarded as the fuel or energy of the total process and model necessary for interest, motivation, association and the learning of skills. By means of the socialisation agents an individual with basic inherent abilities (Physiological characteristics and biological activation systems) develops into a polished, professional and successful sportsman in a specific sport. The model could be useful to researchers and sport psychologists in practical group counselling, consulation and future research.