Masters Degrees (Afrikaans and Dutch)

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’n Aanlyn Afrikaanse akademiese redigeerwoordeboek : die bruikbaarheid van ’n prototipe
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-03) Blom, Maret; Lourens, Amanda; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The academic writing skills and research skills of postgraduate students at higher education institutions in the South African context are inadequate (Van Aswegen 2007: 1141), and therefore there is a growing demand for the services of editors of specifically academic texts. In a previous study conducted by me I looked in depth at the reference sources (style guides or standardisation sources) the editors of specifically Afrikaans academic texts use to ensure consistency in academic texts. After researching various Afrikaans reference works and doing an empirical study where questionnaires were given to freelance editors to determine their needs and problems in terms of current dictionaries, I foundthat there is a need for an Afrikaans dictionary for academic editing purposes in the field of academic editing. The current Afrikaans dictionaries and style guides are outdated and only parts thereof are useful for the academic editor.Editors of Afrikaans academic texts would therefore benefit from an Afrikaans dictionary that is especially aimed at theirneeds. Fuertes-Olivera and Tarp’s (2014) function theory for specialised online dictionaries was used to set up a model for an Afrikaans online dictionary for academic editing purposes, with the hope that this model wouldbe usefulin further effortsto compile such a dictionary. Fuertes-Olivera and Tarp (2014:192) divide the design, compilation and updating of a specialised online dictionary into three phases, namely the pre-compilation phase, the compilation phase and the post-compilation phase. Fuertes-Olivera and Tarp’s (2014:192) pre-compilation and compilation phases wereused to determine the online dictionary’s functions and data types.A homepage, five articles of examples from different disciplines and a mini user guide were then drafted. The Afrikaans dictionary for academic editing purposes that will eventually be compiled on the basis of thismodel will attempt to fulfil the role of a style guide and standardisation source. The proposed dictionarywill deal with the following issues: correct wordusage;writing or spelling rules that the academic editor will find useful;information about language use in specific subject fields;and information on academic editing as specialisation area. Links to other general and specialised dictionaries (including subject field dictionaries)will also be provided. The problem, however, is that the post-compilation phase of the model for an Afrikaans online dictionary for academic editing purposes has notbeen implemented and the model has therefore not been empirically tested. In an attempt to eliminate usability problems at an early stage in the compilation of the online dictionary for academic editingpurposes, a usability study istherefore carried out. The rationale for executingthe post-compilation phase in this paper and testingthe usability of the model’s data presentation and data description is based on Heid (2011), Kwary (2013) and Du Plessis’s (2017) statement. They aver that modernlexicographic products will satisfy their users’ needs if thosedictionaries take the user’s consulting procedures, as well as their experience and interaction with the device and software into consideration. A multidisciplinary study making use of interaction between editing, specialised lexicography, usability studies and research methods wasconducted as follows:Firstly, Blom’s model(2018) for an online dictionary for academic editing purposes wasused to set up a prototype. This prototype was based on editors’ expectations of the Afrikaans online dictionary as determined in a pre-test questionnaire. Secondly, the effectivenessand,thirdly, user satisfaction of this prototype wereevaluated by means of editing tests that determinedthe problems that academic editors hadwith the prototype’s data presentation and data description. After the tests werecompleted, quantitative data in terms of errors and task accuracy werecollected from the performance data.Qualitative data werecollected from the preference data regardingthe users’ experience while using the prototype. Guidelines for the further improvement of the Afrikaans online dictionary for academic editing purposes werethen drafted;these guidelines can be used in further studies to refine and compose this dictionary.
Die fakultatiewe vir Afrikaans
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1992-02) Bosman, Christa; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Afrikaans preposition vir operates as a function word to indicate the possible relationships which exist between the verb and the noun(s) in the sentence. The most important relationships expressed by vir are time, goal and price. This capacity of vir, is the basis for its classification as a function word or preposition. However, vir has required an additional function. Because Afrikaans has no case marking, participants in a sentence are not always marked clearly enough as regards their role in the action expressed by the verb. in these instances an optional vir is used to indicate the object.
A functionalist retranslation of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from French into Ciluba
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2023-12) Kabengela, Jose Cyunza; Lesch, Harold; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research is devoted to a functionalist retranslation from French into Ciluba. It is based on a target-oriented approach, meaning that the focus is on the target culture, in this case the Luba culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Since translation is considered as a vehicle of transmission, it conveys cultural values and realities through languages. In order for these values and cultural realities to be transmitted from language A to language B, the translator is required to master the working languages and cultures as well as translation principles. This would produce a functionalist and not a linguistic translation. The existing translation of the Constitution of the DRC into Ciluba is a linguistic translation, that is, it was done word for word without considering the meaning and functions of the source text. For that reason, I have preferred to carry out the retranslation in order to synchronise the functions of the original text in the retranslated text. Hence, for the purpose of this study, the existing translation into Ciluba will serve as a starting point for research, and the Constitution will be retranslated into the same language as the original translation, while this time considering the different functions of the source text and keeping the target reader in mind. As the DRC Constitution is a legal document, it provides all Congolese citizens with information about their rights and obligations, and those of the country. This is the content of the source-text functions. These functions displayed by the source text are informative and persuasive. Since the existing translation is a linguistic one, it has not fulfilled these functions. For this reason, I have retranslated an excerpt of the abovementioned document to synchronise the aforesaid functions for Luba readers. This was based on a functionalist analysis of three texts (Source Text [ST], Target Text 1 [TT1] and Target Text 2 [TT2]) while referring to Nord’s method according to which the analysis is done in two steps: analysis of the target-text skopos and analysis of the ST. The analysis of the functions of the TT refers to the description of relevant factors ensuring the reception of the translated text by a given audience in a given situation. Thus, analysis of the ST comprised two stages: In the first stage I ascertained the compatibility of the ST material with the requirements set out in the translation instructions, and in the second stage I did a detailed analysis aimed at understanding the ST while paying special attention to synchronising the functions of the TT. The annotation of the retranslated text was discussed referring to the skopos norms and the translation brief. The discussion focuses on the different translation challenges involved in making TT2 accessible for the average Luba reader. Categorising translation problems while retranslating the Constitution functionally into Ciluba enabled me to discover the challenges involved in translation. The identified problems during the retranslation of the DRC Constitution are situated at four levels: pragmatic, interlingual, cultural and text-specific problems. They were overcome by referring to the norms and conventions of Luba language and culture.
Gesubsidieerde Nederlandstalige fiksie in Afrikaans : die seleksie en produksie van Esther Verhoef se Lieve Mama as gevallestudie
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2024-03) Swart, Mareli; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Nederlandstalige literaire thriller, Lieve Mama deur Esther Verhoef is in 2020 deur LAPA Uitgewers in Afrikaans gepubliseer. Deur die vertaling as fokusteks vir hierdie deskriptiewe kwalitatiewe gevallestudie te gebruik, word die faktore geïdentifiseer wat LAPA se seleksie- en produksieprosesse vorm, en hoe dié faktore hul aansien in die vertaal- en produksieveld van Afrikaanse genrefiksie beïnvloed. Bykomend hiertoe word LAPA se aandeel in die vorming en uitbreiding van Afrikaanse genrefiksie ondersoek, spesifiek die uitbreiding van misdaadfiksie deur die vertaling van ’n literaire thriller. Die studie se hoofdatainsamelingsmetode is semigestruktureerde onderhoude wat gevoer is met rolspelers wat by Liewe Mamma se seleksie- en produksieproses betrokke was, naamlik die teks se redakteur (Charlene Hougaard), vertaler (Joanita Fourie) en redigeerder (Jeanette Ferreira), asook die LAPA-werknemer wat die bronteks vir vertaling voorgestel het (Marieta Nel). Korrespondensie met die Nederlands Letterenfonds- (NLF-) korrespondent (Barbara den Ouden) en LAPA se uitvoerende hoof ten tye van die publikasie (Sylvia de Wet), asook bestaande bronne oor LAPA, Verhoef, Liewe Mamma en misdaadfiksie word betrek. Hierdie data word gebruik om LAPA se seleksie- en produksieproses op mesovlak (LAPA en die NLF) en makrovlak (LAPA se vertaalbeleid en - benadering) te ondersoek en bepaal. Hierdie prosesse word gebruik om LAPA se uitgewersprofiel saam te stel deur Bourdieu se konsepte van habitus en kapitaal te betrek. LAPA se rol om die Afrikaanse genrefiksieveld te vorm, word bespreek deur Bourdieu se veldteorie te gebruik, en LAPA in hierdie veld te situeer. Hierby word die Liewe Mamma-vertaler, Joanita Fourie, se habitus en kapitaal ook bepaal. Beide LAPA en Fourie se vertaalnorme is bepaal aan die hand van onderskeidelik Toury en Chesterman se werk. Daar is bevind dat Lieve Mama se seleksie vir vertaling nie op ’n konvensionele wyse plaasgevind het nie. Die vertaalprojek se uiteindelike goedkeuring het wel op LAPA se standaardkriteria vir teksseleksie berus – die gewildheid van die brontaalskrywer en die omvang van brontaalverkope. As deel van die studie is voorstelle gemaak vir LAPA om hulle voortaan te vestig as markvormer van Afrikaanse genrefiksie. ’n Aangepaste bemarkingstrategie word ook voorgestel sodat vertalings beter aan die Afrikaanse doelteksleser bekendgestel word, veral as die bronteksouteur kommersiële sukses in die brontaal behaal het. Voorstelle word gemaak om hierdie outeurs dan ook in die Afrikaanse doelkultuur ’n handelsmerkouteur te maak wat moontlik vir die uitgewery ’n bestendige inkomstevloei kan genereer. Deur LAPA se institusionele uitgewershabitus, kapitaal (waaroor hulle beskik en na streef) en vertaalnorme te gebruik, is daar vasgestel dat hulle hulself in ’n posisie in die Afrikaanse genrefiksie veld kan posisioneer wat steun op hulle geskiedenis as gevestigde, betroubare uitgewery van Afrikaanse genrefiksie, waar hulle ook deel is van grootskaalse produksie. LAPA kan gevolglik optree as markvormer omdat hulle veldposisie sterk genoeg is en hulle genoeg kapitaal het om meer gewaagde redaksionele besluite te neem. Liewe Mamma het egter getoon dat nie elke waagstuk sukses waarborg nie.
Identifying intersemiotic translation trends : a case study on Gaiman’s The graveyard book and its graphic novel translation
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-12) Ahnie, Kaylin Rose; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This case study takes the form of a Descriptive Translation Study (DTS) of Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book (2008 & 2014). The primary aim is addressing the gap in Translation Studies of comics, by providing a qualitative description of the intersemiotic graphic novel translation of Gaiman’s 2008 novel. This description is then used to identify and formulate intersemiotic translation trends. The study also aims to establish a methodology, which is replicable and capable of producing similar results when applied to similar source and target texts. The Graveyard Book (2008) won both the Carnegie and Newbery Medals, making Gaiman the first author to be presented with both prestigious awards. The 2014 graphic novel translation of this award-winning novel was completed by eight eminent illustrative translators. This number, in addition to the shortage of intersemiotic translation literature concerning comics and graphic novels, makes The Graveyard Book (2008 & 2014) an interesting subject for DTS. The differing art styles of the eight translators produce a visualisation of the phenomena of different translation styles. These different styles in turn allow for the identification of similar intersemiotic translation methods from translator to translator. These corresponding methods are then reformulated as intersemiotic translation trends. As the study comprises two aims, it can be divided into two corresponding sections. Chapters 1 to 4 comprise the theoretical background. This includes establishing the translating agents, the study’s theoretical foundations, and the existing research that informed the methodology. The theories – intersemiotic translation, multimodality, constrained translation, translator invisibility, and norms – are the groundwork of the study, encapsulating the central facets of the text with which the study is concerned. The existing research informs the study on how to look at these facets through the lens of the DTS orientations. The formulation of the methodology is the final cornerstone before the empirical research is presented. Chapter 5 comprises a function-, product- and process- orientated description of The Graveyard Book (2008 & 2014). Chapter 6 then presents the elaboration of the phenomena described in Chapter 5 – thus formulating the trends, as well as the conclusion to the study.
’n Ondersoek na die ideologiese invloed op die Afrikaanse hervertaling van Wilbur Smith se The sound of thunder
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2024-03) Meads, Carolyn; Feinauer, Ilse; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens apartheid is Wilbur Smith se boeke When the lion feeds (1964) en A sparrow falls (1977b) weens onwelvoeglikheid en godslastering verban. Eietyds is sy werk deur sommige kommentators weens rassisme en seksisme gekritiseer. Dit blyk dus dat daar in verskillende sosiohistoriese kontekste uiteenlopende ideologies gefundeerde opvattings oor Smith se werk bestaan. Smith se romans is al in meer as dertig tale vertaal, insluitend Afrikaans. Trouens, van sommige van sy boeke bestaan daar meer as een Afrikaanse vertaling. Dit tel onder van die min voorbeelde van hervertaling in Afrikaans. Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die ideologiese invloed op ’n Afrikaanse hervertaling van een van Smith se romans, The sound of thunder (1966), ten einde by te dra tot die onlangse opbloei van studies oor die sosiokulturele invloede op hervertaling. Daar is nog weinig studies oor hervertaling in Afrikaans en hierdie studie verteenwoordig ŉ poging om by te dra tot navorsing in dié veld. ’n Beskrywende studie is onderneem met as korpus The sound of thunder (Smith 1966) en die eerste Afrikaanse vertaling daarvan, As die donderweer dreun (Smith 1977a), vertaal deur Johann Swanepoel, asook die hervertaling, Donderslag (Smith 2015), vertaal deur Zirk van den Berg. Lefevere (2017) se raamwerk en sy konsepte van die patronaat en professionele agente is ingespan om ’n kontekstuele beskrywing te doen van die heersende ideologie in die tydperke waarin die eerste vertaling en hervertaling onderskeidelik gepubliseer is. Lambert en Van Gorp (1985) se model is vir die tekstuele vergelyking van die korpus van tekste gebruik. Duidelike verskille is geïdentifiseer tussen die vertaaloplossings in die tekssegmente wat ondersoek is in die hervertaling en dié in die eerste vertaling. Met die trek van verbande tussen die heersende ideologie ten tyde van publikasie en die vorm en inhoud van onderskeidelik die eerste vertaling en hervertaling, is daar bevind dat ideologie ’n merkbare invloed op albei tekste uitgeoefen het. Die apartheidsideologie, Afrikanernasionalisme en Christelike konserwatisme van 1977 kan in As die donderweer dreun (Smith 1977a) in verband gebring word met byvoorbeeld die gebruik van raspejoratiewe en die versagting van godslastering, asook met die weglating van tonele wat met predikante spot; wat as “onwelvoeglik” beskou kon word; of wat Afrikaners in ’n ongunstige lig stel. Die liberalisme van 2015 kan in Donderslag (Smith 2015) in verband gebring word met byvoorbeeld die aanpassing van uitbeeldings van swart mense sodat sulke uitbeeldings nie stereotiep of eksotiserend is nie; die aanpassing van veralgemenings ten opsigte van ras en gender sodat dit net op ’n spesifieke individu van toepassing is; en die weglating van die frase “I deserved that” uit ’n vroulike karakter se dialoog nadat die manlike hoofkarakter haar ’n pak slae gegee het. Ten slotte is daar bevind dat ideologie as die hoofrede vir hierdie hervertaling gesien kan word omdat die 1977-vertaling nie geskik sou wees in die ideologiese konteks van die doelkultuur in 2015 nie.
The value of a translation policy in the management of natural and economic resources in the province of Kongo Central (DRC) : the Parc Marin des Mangroves as case study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2023-12) Ngoma Toko, Jean Pierre; Feinauer, Ilse; Lesch, Harold; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Management of the biodiversity of the Muanda coastal zone in Kongo Central in the DRC requires the involvement of all parties concerned with preserving the rare fauna and flora of this zone – both relevant government bodies and the local population. This involvement will be substantial if the parties communicate, understand each other and jointly fill the gaps identified so far. However, the use of French as medium of communication by the PMM/ICCN – the technical body of the Congolese government – in raising awareness among the people of Muanda in general, and villagers in particular, seems to be counterproductive in so far as the local population is not involved in conservation of the area’s protected species. This research investigates how implementing a translation policy can help managers of the PMM/ICCN not only fulfil their mission, but also engage the people to collaborate with them. It should be noted that translation policy and language policy are closely linked, and the one can hardly be addressed without considering the other. Given the focus on translation, I have decided to use the concept of translation and language policies (TLPs). The thesis begins with a general overview of the DRC, the province of Kongo Central, the Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) and the Parc Marin des Mangroves (PMM), before turning to the concepts of language policy, translation policy and translation ecology. The type of translation policy that should be implemented is also proposed. In conclusion, the research recommends that the PMM/ICCN implements a translation policy in conjunction with the language policy which will serve as a means to improve and promote management and conservation of biodiversity. It also recommends that trained (eco)translators/(eco)interpreters be appointed, and/or a training programme be developed so that guides and other volunteers can work as translators and interpreters. It encourages the PMM/ICCN to become self-financing through eco-tourism and recreational activities. Finally, it recommends that the government allocate significant funds and initiate proper legislation for a translation policy, and incorporate translation into the country’s ethnic and national languages.
ŉ Hervertalingsondersoek na die Afrikaanse Asterix en Die avonture van Kuifie
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2023-03) Groeneveld, Elise; Feinauer, Ilse; Feinauer, A. E.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Die twee Franko-Belgiese strokiesprente, Asterix (Astérix) en Die avonture van Kuifie (Les aventures de Tintin) is twee van die bekendste humoristiese strokiesprente ter wêreld en word sedert die vroeë 1970’s in Afrikaans vertaal. Hierdie reekse, wat aanvanklik deur Human & Rousseau uitgegee is, word onderskeidelik sedert 2013 en 2019 deur Protea Boekhuis heruitgegee met Sonya van Schalkwyk-Barrois as hervertaler van albei reekse. Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel of die hervertalings van die Afrikaanse Asterix- en Kuifie-reekse nader is aan die bronteks en op ’n meer vervreemdende benadering gegrond is as die eerste vertalings ten einde die hervertalingshipotese te bewys of te weerlê. Daar word afgelei dat domestikering en vervreemding as vertaalbenaderings ’n tweedeling is waarvolgens eerste vertalings en hervertalings met mekaar vergelyk kan word om die hervertalingshipotese te toets. In hierdie studie wil daar ook vasgestel word waarom daar ŉ behoefte is om die reekse weer te vertaal. Die doel van die studie word bereik deur vas te stel watter motiverings vir die hervertaling van die reekse aangevoer kan word, hoe die vertaaloplossings aan die hand van interkulturele en teksspesifieke uitdagings tussen die eerste vertalings en die hervertalings verskil, en watter een van die reekse meer met die hervertalingshipotese ooreenstem. Hierdie studie is deskriptief en kwalitatief van aard. Binne ŉ deskriptiewe raamwerk word die vertaalde produk volgens die funksie daarvan in die doelkultuur beskryf. Omdat die funksies van Asterix en Kuifie as humoristiese reekse soveel waarde dra, is dit belangrik om die vertaaloplossings deur ŉ funksionalistiese lens te ondersoek. Dit sal bepaal tot watter mate die doeltekste die gees en styl van die brontekste behou. Instrumentele en dokumentêre vertaling word om hierdie rede aanvullend tot domestikering en vervreemding in ag geneem wanneer die hervertalingshipotese in hierdie studie getoets word. Die vertaaloplossings word aan die hand van twee tipes vertaaluitdagings ondersoek: Interkulturele uitdagings sluit die vertaling van tekstuele elemente in wat deur kulturele sisteme beïnvloed word soos eiename, geld- en maateenhede en ideologieë, en teksspesifieke uitdagings behels die vertaling van woordspel en idiomatiese taalgebruik. Voorbeeldmateriaal wat dikwels uit ŉ kombinasie van die visuele en verbale modusse bestaan, word geneem uit ŉ korpus wat bestaan uit twee boeke uit elke Franse reeks en die Afrikaanse vertalings daarvan. Die vertaaloplossings word identifiseer aan die hand van verskeie vertaalteoretici se strategieë. Daar word bevind dat die hervertalingshipotese inderdaad bewys word in die Afrikaanse vertalings van sowel Asterix as Kuifie in dié sin dat die hervertalings nader is aan die bronteks. Dit word egter nie aan ŉ meer vervreemdende benadering toegeskryf nie, maar eerder aan ŉ meer instrumentele een aangesien die hervertalings die styl en vervolgens die funksie van die brontekste sterker oordra. Daar word voorts ook afgelei dat die motivering vir die hervertalings kan wees om die reekse se bronteksfunksie, sterker in die doeltaal oor te dra.

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