Masters Degrees (African Centre for HIV/AIDS Management)

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Corporate social responsibility towards AIDS orphans in South Africa : trends in the motor manufacturing sector and guidelines for corporate action
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-04) Neethling, Marcha; Schlechter, A. F.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Science. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV/AIDS pandemic is destroying young adults in the prime of their lives. Children not only become orphans, but also gain instant “adult” status – becoming heads of households, breadwinners and customers. Children who fill such roles must be recognised as important stakeholders with regard to business. As limited available estimations suggest that South Africa is home to 800 000 orphans, corporations must realise that it will make good business sense to invest in the country’s AIDS orphans1 today, as these children will constitute both their future clients and employees. This study examines trends in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives of five major corporations in the South African motor manufacturing sector. AIDS orphans were also involved in the study through participation in three focus group discussions. The evidence reveals that corporations do not recognise AIDS orphans as important stakeholders to business, nor do they see it as their responsibility to carry the burden of care for such children. Orphans felt that corporations in this business sector do not care about their needs and well-being. They regarded companies who were involved in CSR projects in their communities as “caring” and this resulted in the children hosting positive feelings towards involved companies. They even expressed the desire to purchase their brand of motor vehicle, as opposed to competitor’s brands that were not involved (through CSR) in their community, in future.
An evaluation of HIV/AIDS management training conducted to school management teams in the Free State Department of Education - Lejweleputswa district
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009-12) Stephen, Kgotso Eric; Schlechter, A. F.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the strategic goals of the Free State Department of Education is to deal effectively and purposefully with the HIV/AIDS pandemic in and through the education system. The HIV/AIDS Management Training conducted amongst School Management Teams between 2007 and 2008 is one of the initiatives meant to realize the goal to deal effectively and purposefully with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature and impact of HIV/AIDS Management training in terms of the transference of knowledge and skills in the workplace. The Brinkerhoff Success Case Method was followed and 45 participants were used to conduct a survey, followed by seven interviews with five participants thought to have successfully applied the proximal outcomes of the training and two participants thought to have not successfully applied the intended outcomes of the training programme. From the data it became apparent that although some schools showed minimal application of the outcomes, there is evidence of success cases of maximum application of knowledge and skills acquired by some School Management Teams. The study therefore sheds light into those success cases for other schools to learn from, while on the other hand focus is also put on factors which led to progress being hindered. Finally this study suggests recommendations leading to successful application of the proximal outcomes as intended.
Gender roles in the African culture : implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Ngubane, Siegfried Johan; Schlechter, A. F.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The AIDS epidemic presently engulfing South Africa is mostly based on heterosexual transmission. This paper discusses the male role in African culture in the HIV and AIDS context. Issues facing African women, domestic violence in particular, remain a pervasive problem. Women have not yet reached a level of equality and are still being dominated by their male partners. Women’s subordination can be directly linked to the increasing number of women becoming infected with HIV/AIDS, especially within the African cultural context. Culture plays a vital role in determining the level of health of the individual, the family and the community. This is particularly relevant in the context of Africa, where the values of extended family and community significantly influence the behaviour of the individual. The behaviour of the individual in relation to family and community is one major cultural factor that has implications for sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts. As the impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa remains unabated, a culture-centred approach to prevention, care and support is increasingly desirable as a critical strategy. The focus of prevention of the heterosexual AIDS epidemic has been on women. The role of men in sexual decision-making has not been emphasized enough in AIDS prevention approaches. As a result, the heterosexual epidemic for women continues unabated because of the lack of attention to the behaviour of male sex partners. Discussion focuses on the cultural and contemporary sexual culture as shaping factors in the enactment of high-risk sexual behaviour. There are numerous social, political, cultural and economic factors affecting the HIV pandemic in the SA region. The main ones are: low status of women and male dominance in sexual and economic relations; sexual abuse (of particularly young girls); historic and current separation of families resulting from the migrant labour system which resulted in multiple sexual partners; high use of sex workers due to single-sex quarters at the workplace; cultural resistance to the use of condoms; high rates of other STD’s; and high levels of poverty and other inequalities such as health access and education. Stigma about HIV is also a barrier to reaching the most vulnerable, including those already infected. The paper draws the conclusion that discrimination against women, coupled with male dominance in all aspects of social structures; polygamous marriages were prescribed and supervised by maledominated social structures has increased the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the African cultural context.
The influence of peer education on the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS amongst grade ten learners in an Eastern Cape high school
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006-12) Payi, Loyiso Zukiswa; Schlechter, A. F.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A peer education programme was implemented during 2005 in high schools in the Mdantsane area in the Eastern Cape as a strategy to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS among school going learners. This research paper looks at whether the use of peer education as opposed to the traditional teacher method is effective in giving correct facts and whether or not it increases the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and related health issues. Data about the effectiveness of the programme was collected through questionnaires, using a two group between participant research design and a sample of 100 learners (i.e. 50 learners from each group). Two groups of participants, those taught by peer educators and those taught by teachers at Masixole High School were given questionnaires to answer and the responses were analysed using the SPSS (version 13) package. Results showed that the group that received peer education performed better than the one that did not receive peer education. A limitation of the study is the small sample size, which creates a problem when the results are generalized to a wider population. Also, the performance of the peer education group cannot be solely attributed to peer education, as there might be other extraneous variables, which might have contributed to the group’s performance.
Investigating the impact of partner inclusion on behavior : a field study in workplace HIV prevention programming
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008-12) Petrozzola, Helen; Schlechter, A. F.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of an innovation in HIV prevention programming in Ukraine, which leverages the culture of Ukrainian society by appreciating its values and incorporating them into the strategy. Analysis of the results indicates that positive changes in two of the questions of the Behavioural Models were significant among the participants of the Experimental Group. This was not seen in the Control Group. The number of respondents from the Experimental Group who spoke to their partner about HIV/AIDS in the past month increased during the month after the training. The number of people who were tested for HIV during the month after training also increased. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that participation of employees’ sexual partners in HIV prevention programs can influence Behaviour Models and lead to desired changes in this area changes in Behaviour Models, which are very important and as we can see depends much on participation of both sexual partners in training.
Obstacles school-going female adolescents in Gweru face in translating HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes into HIV preventive sexual behaviours
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011-03) Mugari, Sipikelelo; Schlechter, A. F.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of female adolescents to HIV/AIDS has been widely documented with little effort being made to investigate the obstacles that these female adolescents actually face in translating HIV knowledge and attitudes into HIV preventive behaviours. The researcher randomly selected 120 school going female adolescents aged between 14-19, from six secondary schools in the Gweru District in an effort to assess their levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and their attitudes towards HIV prevention. The study aimed to uncover the obstacles the female adolescents face in practicing HIV preventive sexual behaviours. Inferences drawn from the study point to the fact that although female adolescents may have high levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, there are cultural and religious values that promote male dominance in patriarchal societies and female docility thereby leaving little or no room for females to negotiate HIV prevention in sexual relationships. Poverty- driven economic dependency on men, orphan hood, peer pressure, lack of support from parents and guardians on issues to do with their sex and sexuality, lack of skills to be assertive and negative attitudes of health service providers were some of the barriers the female adolescents face as they try to pave their way in to safe motherhood.
The role of attitudes in the intention to participate in high risk sexual behaviour within the adolescent group
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Human, Alroy Trevor; Schlechter, A. F.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology.
Eighty-four males and sixty-six female subjects participated in a survey that assessed their attitude towards the intention to participate in high-risk sexual behaviour (i.e. sex without condom use) and the perception that participating in high risk sexual behaviour can lead adversely to HIV infection. All the subjects were randomly selected to fall into the age group ranges of 17-18, 19-20 and > 20. The output of the descriptive statistics revealed that there is a statistically significant main effect for gender, however there was no significant difference in the effect of age on the intention to participate in high-risk sexual behaviour (without condom use) for males and females. The descriptive analysis also revealed that there is a statistically significant main effect for age, and also the interaction between gender and age indicates a significant difference in the effect of age on the perception that the intention to participate in high risk sexual behaviour can lead to HIV-infection for males and females.
A success case method evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS programme by life orientation teachers in Sedibeng West secondary schools [gde]
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Mbada, Ndavheleseni Albert; Schlechter, A. F.; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has a visible impact on young people in various forms. The National Department of Education has launched the school-based HIV/AIDS pogramme to be implemented by all secondary schools in South Africa. The programme is an intervention strategy brought in by the Department of Education to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. The programme comprises Sexuality life skills and HIV/AIDS education, and it is also embedded in Life Orientation Learning Area. The implementation of a school-based HIV/AIDS programme was evaluated in eight secondary schools in Sedibeng West District [GDE]. The researcher followed the Brinkerhoff Success Case Method of evaluation to assess the implementation of the programme. The research subjects were the Grade 12 Life Orientation Teachers. To collect data, a survey was conducted to ascertain where success was being most/least experienced. Qualitative research was done through interviewing research participants. Half of the research participants were thought to have implemented the programme successfully and the other half was thought to have implemented the programme unsuccessfully. The results of the study further revealed that not all schools were implementing the schoolbased HIV/AIDS programme successfully. Factors that hindered and promoted the most successful implementation of the programme were outlined. With the facilitation of the researcher, key decision makers in the District made recommendations on measures that could be taken for schools to implement school-based HIV/AIDS programme successfully.
What are the general levels of knowldge, attitudes held and behavioral practices of pupils at Katlehong High School with regards to HIV/AIDS?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012-03) Serame, Thembekile; Schlechter, A. F.; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS has become one, among many others, of the major challenges facing the South African youth today, with infection rates highest among the 15 – 24 age groups. Continued efforts to curb the spread of infection are absolutely crucial. The foundation of those efforts will be an understanding of the knowledge levels, attitudes and behavioral practices of the youth with regards to HIV/AIDS, so that an appropriate and effective response is formulated. This study aimed to determine Katlehong High School learners‟ knowledge levels, attitudes and behavioral practices with regards to HIV/AIDS. A convenience-sample of 48 learners took part in the study. A quantitative research design was used to gather data. A questionnaire was administered to students that took part in the study. The results were analysed using statistical analysis. This study found that all research participants had heard about HIV/AIDS, however knowledge levels with regards to modes of transmission were inconsistent. It further found that stigma and discrimination were relatively low among the sample population. Finally, contrary to popular belief that men are the promiscuous ones in relationships, almost as many girls, that took part in this study, as boys reported having multiple partners.

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