Masters Degrees (African Centre for HIV/AIDS Management)

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Browsing Masters Degrees (African Centre for HIV/AIDS Management) by browse.metadata.advisor "Du Toit, Jan"

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    Actions of female sex workers faced with condom failure during penetration sexual encounters with clients in Cape Town
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04) Mukumbang, Ferdinand Chemungha; Du Toit, Jan; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Science. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Male latex condoms have empirically been established as one of the effective barrier prevention methods against HIV transmission and are thus widely recommended. Meanwhile, there are a copious number of studies supporting its effectiveness; there have also been reports of condom breakages and slippages during heterogeneous vaginal intercourse, which undermines its primary goal as a barrier prevention method. The rate of condom failure is even higher among sex workers as the nature of their work is characterised by frequent coitus. This, consequently, increases the susceptibility of sex workers and their clients to contracting HIV and other sexually transmissible diseases. The situation is made dire due to the criminalisation, stigmatisation and discrimination of sex workers. While so much has been done to investigate the use, effectiveness, and failure rates of condoms among various populations, there is a troubling research gap regarding the actions of female sex workers when they are faced with situations of condom failure. This study revealed that, with respect to the immediate actions of sex workers after a condom failure incident, about 36% of the respondents revealed that they continued with their sexual rapport to the end even after noticing that the condom is broken. Another 36% said that they stopped immediately they noticed that the condom broke or slipped. Some 13% of the participants pointed that they stopped the sexual encounter completely. Another 3% revealed that they applied vaginal spermicidal foam. About 5% of the respondents said that they stopped immediately and took a douche when they had the chance. For the actions within the next 24 hours of experiencing condom failure with a client, 53% of the participants reported doing, meanwhile 4% attested of seeking counsel from a professional. About 3% of the respondents revealed that they simply took alcohol or drugs to forget the incident and 25% said that they went to the clinic for assistance when they experienced condom failure. Meanwhile, some of the actions such as continuing the sexual encounter without a new condom, taking alcohol and drugs or doing nothing at all could increase the risk of contracting HIV, other actions such as stopping the sexual completely, paying a visit to a clinic or visiting a professional could make a difference between staying HIV negative or becoming HIV positive.
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    A donor baby : the birth of a community response – an oral history. The early years of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance (AIDS Alliance)
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04) Mellors , Shaun Erland; Du Toit, Jan; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two parallel processes contributed to the formation of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance (the Alliance) in 1993 – one under the auspices of the World Health Organisation and its “NGO Support Programme” and the other being the coming together in 1991 of a group of donors under the auspices of the Rockerfeller Foundation in an attempt to define a mechanism that would channel funds to community groups in the South. It was a difficult period of the HIV epidemic – communities were struggling to cope with the effects of HIV, science was unable to advance its efforts to find a vaccine and progress into different forms HIV treatment was moving slowly. The two processes came together almost fortuitously, as key individuals were involved one way or another in both processes, and the work that had been done complemented and justified the need to combine energies, resources and creativity into making this mechanism work. The oral history brings to life some of the discussions and events that took place during the development of the Alliance. It provides insights into what key individuals were thinking, or how they acted during important, and at times frustrating, discussions. Because so little is captured about the conception phase (1991 – 1993), the oral history focusses on capturing the reflections and memories of those who were involved during this period, to ensure that history accurately reflects what happened – or at least offers real and lived perspectives. The case study reviews the start-up phase (1994 – 1996) and provides insights and perspectives into key decisions and the all-important external evaluation, which was a turning point for the organisation. The external evaluation led to and informed the scale-up period (1997 – 2000) and the oral history reflects on a number of key themes that shaped the organisations work and laid the foundation for its next ten years.
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    The impact of HIV/AIDS on the mining sector in South Africa : a survey
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-04) Terwin, Jennifer Edith; Du Toit, Jan; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is based on a survey conducted by the Bureau for Economic Research (BER) on “The impact of HIV/AIDS on Selected Business Sectors in South Africa- 2004”. This report strives to highlight how and to what extent HIV/AIDS has affected the mining sector in South Africa, as well as to assess this sector’s awareness and response to the epidemic. A questionnaire was sent to 977 operating mines, quarries and mineral processing plants. A response rate of 10.8% was achieved. The survey shows that the impact of HIV/AIDS on the mining sector has been severe. The survey results reveal that many mines are already facing the consequences of the epidemic. Almost half of the large mines surveyed indicated that HIV/AIDS has already had a significant adverse impact on their operations while 75% of these mines and roughly 50% of both the small and medium sized mines envisage a significant negative impact in five year’s time. It appears as though the impact has been more noticeable on the production side. The majority of the participating mines indicated that the epidemic has also led to higher labour turnover rates, lost experience and skills and higher recruitment and training costs. With regard to profits, 62% of the mines surveyed reported that the epidemic has had an adverse impact on the bottom line. The survey also shows that the mines lead the way in the response to the implementation of HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. However, smaller mining operations are still lacking in their response to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programmes.
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    Reasons for low male participation in HIV and AIDS support groups : a focus on Mahalapye sub district, Botswana
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012-03) Rudo, Makiwa Thato; Du Toit, Jan; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Science. Dept. of Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: Male involvement in HIV Support groups has been noted to be low (Heyer et al, 2008; Maboshe, 2008; Russel & Schneider, 2000). The aim of the study was to explore factors affecting the participation of males in HIV support groups and examine their perceptions and understanding of the benefits of participating in HIV support groups. The study also set out to explore the reasons of low male participation in HIV and AIDS support groups. The study was conducted in Mahalapye, Botswana. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted to generate data. This method was chosen for it suitability in formulating more precise questions for further research. A total of three focus groups with six to ten participants were conducted with HIV positive men above the age of 21. Participants were selected from Mahalapye West Airstrip Clinic using the purposive sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using the general inductive approach which is used for analyzing qualitative data where the analysis is guided by specific objectives. Themes were created from actual phrases used in specific text segments. Results: The findings revealed that there is a some lack of knowledge about the existence of support groups for PLWHA. Those that are aware have both positive and negative feelings about them. Support groups were perceived to be helpful, a platform for PLWHA to vent and share their experiences and a source of knowledge about treatment and healthy lifestyles. Reasons cited for low participation are: mixed gender groups which compromise the men’s comfort levels and ability to fully express themselves; lack of confidentiality; accessibility of venue; work schedule; fear of stigma and discrimination: fear of disclosure; inconvenient times of support groups. Recommendations: Gender considerations to be incorporated in strategic frameworks for tackling HIV and AIDS, increase awareness of HIV and AIDS support groups for PLWHA, educate communities about the negatives effects of stigmatizing and discriminating against PLWHA and conduct more research about the effects that support groups have on PLWHA in an effort to support and emphasize their importance. This could potentially increase the number of males that attend them.