The effect of condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii on in vitro kinetic parameters and feedlot lamb growth and carcass parameters

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dc.contributor.advisorVan Zyl, Johan Hendrik Combrinken_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorCruywagen, C. W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFeatherstone, Bradley Williamen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Animal Science.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-22T08:58:52Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-26T13:45:24Z
dc.date.available2024-02-22T08:58:52Z
dc.date.available2024-04-26T13:45:24Z
dc.date.issued2024-03
dc.descriptionThesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2024. en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: The enhancement of ruminant production efficiency is arguably one of the areas with the greatest potential to alleviate some of the complex problems that the industry faces, namely land use and greenhouse gas emissions with increasing demand for red meat products. The ruminant nutrition industry holds a considerable number of avenues in which improvements in animal production efficiency can be made. Condensed tannins have been identified as a possible feed additive, due to their high protein binding affinity and their potential use for protecting rumen degradable protein, thereby improving protein flow to the small intestine. Condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii specifically are of considerable interest from a South African perspective. Not only are they already commercially available, but the A. mearnsii tree is a highly invasive tree species in the country. The incorporation of condensed tannins from this tree species has the potential to open new market opportunities for this invasive species, potentially aiding in limiting their proliferation. The aim of the in vitro section of this study was to identify the ability of condensed tannins from A. mearnsii, to protect a rumen degradable protein source from rumen degradation. Both rate and extent of degradation were determined. Condensed tannin was dosed at 0, 5, 20 en 45 g/kg dry matter and fermented in an in vitro protein degradation study with fresh rumen fluid and sunflowercake meal as substrate for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 en 48 hours, respectively. The addition of condensed tannins to sunflower oil cake resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) crude protein and dry matter degradation at inclusion levels of 20 and 45 g/kg dry matter. The decrease in crude protein degradation potentially allows for a greater passage of protein into the small intestine for digestion. The decrease in dry matter degradation does pose some concern, as this could lead to an overall slowing of dry matter digestion. This in turn would lead to a prolonged sense of satiety, subsequently decreasing animal voluntary feed intake and animal production. There is the added concern surrounding the well-known astringent nature of condensed tannins and the potential impact their dietary inclusion could have on voluntary feed intake in that regard, particularly at high inclusion levels. The in vivo section of this study aimed to identify the effect of condensed tannins from A. mearnsii on lamb growth and carcass parameters. Forty-eight Merino store lambs were randomly allocated to 4 treatments to contain 0, 5, 20 en 45 g/kg dry matter condenced tannins, respectively. Lambs that received the diets containing high amounts of condensed tannins (45 g/kg dry matter) had significantly poorer (P < 0.05) growth performance and carcass parameters. This was the result of reductions in dry matter intake of these lambs, due to the astringent nature of condensed tannins. At lower condensed tannin inclusion levels (5 and 20 g/kg dry matter), no effect was seen on both growth and carcass parameters, with these results thought to be a consequence of decreases dietary nutrient uptake. This lack of response contradicts reports in literature, further emphasising the complexity of the inclusion of condensed tannins in ruminant diets. Condensed tannins from A. mearnsii have the ability to effectively protect rumen degradable protein from ruminal degradation. Dietary inclusion levels should be limited to below 45 g/kg dry matter, due to the negative effects seen on animal production. Future research should further investigate the optimisation of the inclusion levels of condensed tannins from A. meansii, and the disassociation of condensed tannin-protein complexes post-ruminal digestion. Nevertheless, based on literature, the inclusion of condensed tannins from A. mearnsii in the diets of ruminant animals does have the ability to contribute towards a more balanced and sustainable future for the ruminant livestock industry.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verbetering van die effektiwiteit van herkouerproduksie is waarskynlik een van die gebiede met die grootste potensiaal om die komplekse probleme wat die veebedryf in die gesig staar te verbeter, naamlik effektiewe grondgebruik en die toenemende vrystelling van kweekhuisgasse soos die aanvraag na rooivleisprodukte toeneem. Aansienlike hoeveelheid geleenthede vir verbeterings in doeltreffendheid van diereprouksie kan in die herkouervoedingsbedryf gemaak word. Gekondenseerde tanniene is ‘n moontlike voerbymiddel wat proteïenvloei na die dunderm kan verbeter weens die hoë affiniteit om proteïen te bind, asook die vermoë om rumen degradeerbare proteïen (RDP) teen mikrobiese afbraak te beskerm. Gekondenseerde tanniene van Acacia mearnsii is van groot belang, spesifiek vanuit ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse oogpunt. Nie net is A. mearnsii kommersieel beskikbaar nie, maar ook ‘n gevaarlike indringer boomspesie in die land. Die inkorporering van gekondenserde tanniene van hierdie boomspesie het die potensiaal om ‘n nuwe kommersiele geleentheid in die mark te skep vir hierdie indringer spesie, wat moontlik ook die verspreiding daarvan kan beperk. Die doel van die in vitro deel van hierdie studie was om die vermoë van gekondenseerde tanniene van A. mearnsii op die RDP in dieetproteïen te beskerm, te identifiseer. Dit is gedoen deur die tempo sowel as die omvang van beskerming te bepaal. Gekondenseerde tannien is met ‘n in vitro proteïendegrederingstudie met vars rumensap en sommeblomoliekoekmeel as substraat teen doserings van 0, 5, 20 en 45 g/kg droëmateriaal vir 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 en 48 uur onderskeidelik gefermenteer. Die insluiting van gekondenseerde tanniene het tot vermindering (P < 0.05) van ruproteien- en droemateriaalafbraak by insluitingsvlakke van 20 en 45 g/kg droemateriaal gelei. Die vermindering van ruproteïenafbraak in die rumen bewerkstellig ‘n groter deurevloei van proteïen vir vertering in die dunderm. Die vermindering van droemateriaalafbraak is tot ‘n mate kommerwekkend, aangesien die potensiaal daar is dat híerdie vermindering tot ‘n algehele vertraging in vertering van droëmateriaal kan lei. Hierdie sal lei tot ‘n langdurige gevoel van versadiging, wat vrywillige voerinname en diereproduksie kan verlaag. Daar is bykomende kommer oor die bitter smaak van gekondenseerde tanniene en die potensiële impak wat die insluiting daarvan op voerinname het, veral by hoë insluitingsvlakke. Die doel van die in vivo deel van hierdie studie was om die effek wat gekondenseerde tanniene van A. mearnsii op die groei van lammers en karkasparameters te bepaal, te identifiseer. Agt-en-veertig Merino stoorlammers is ewekansig aan 4 behandelings, wat onderskeidelik 0, 5, 20 en 45 g/kg droëmateriaal gekondenseerde tannien bevat het, toegedeel. Lammers wat die hoë insluitingsvlak van gekondenseerde tanniene (45 g/kg droëmateriaal) ontvang het, het aansienlik swakker (P < 0.05) produksieprestasie en karkasparameters tot gevolg gehad. Dit kon aan die verlaging in droëmateriaalinname, weens die bitter smaak van gekondenseerde tanniene, toegeskryf word. Geen invloed op groei- en karkasparameters by die laer gekondenseerde tannien insluitingsvlakke (5 en 20 g/kg droëmateriaal) waargeneem nie. Hierdie afwesigheid van respons weerspreek verslae in literatuur, wat die kompleksiteit van gekondenseerde tannien insluiting in herkouerdiëte verder beklemtoon. Gekondenseerde tanniene van A. mearnsii het die vermoë om RDP effektief teen ruminale afbraak te beskerm. Die insluitingsvlakke van gekondenseerde tanniene moet, weens die negatiewe uitwerking op voerinname, beperk word tot onder 45 g/kg droëmateriaal. Toekomstige navorsing behoort te fokus om die insluitingsvlakke van gekondenseerde tanniene van A. mearnsii te optimaliseer, en die disassosiasie van gekondenseerde tannien-proteïenkomplekse na ruminale vertering. Nietemin het gekondenseerde tannieninsluiting in herkouerdiëte die vermoë om by te dra tot ‘n meer gebalanseerde en volhoubare toekoms vir die herkouerveebedryf.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxiii, 70 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130332
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshFeedlotsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshProteins in animal nutritionen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshFeeds -- Protein contenten_ZA
dc.subject.lcshTanninsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshAcacia mearnsii en_ZA
dc.subject.lcshLambs -- Growthen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCondensed tanninsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshRumen -- Feeding and feedsen_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTDen_ZA
dc.titleThe effect of condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii on in vitro kinetic parameters and feedlot lamb growth and carcass parametersen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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