Browsing by Author "Sinclair, David"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Achieving universal testing for malaria
    (BMJ Publishing Group, 2016) Ochodo, Eleanor; Garner, Paul; Sinclair, David
    ENGLISH SUMMARY : Rapid diagnostic tests have the potential to reduce the overtreatment of malaria by 95%, but time and extensive logistical, behavioural, and technical interventions may be required to achieve this.
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    Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis
    (Cochrane, 2015-09-03) Wiysonge, Charles Shey Umaru; Lutge, Elizabeth E.; Knight, Stephen E.; Sinclair, David; Volmink, Jimmy
    Background: Patient adherence to medications, particularly for conditions requiring prolonged treatment such as tuberculosis (TB), is frequently less than ideal and can result in poor treatment outcomes. Material incentives to reward good behaviour and enablers to remove economic barriers to accessing care are sometimes given in the form of cash, vouchers, or food to improve adherence. Objectives: To evaluate the effects ofmaterial incentives and enablers in patients undergoing diagnostic testing, or receiving prophylactic or curative therapy, for TB.
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    Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis
    (Cochrane, 2016-06-29) Grobler, Liesl; Nagpal, Sukrti; Sudarsanam, Thambu D.; Sinclair, David
    Background: Tuberculosis and malnutrition are linked in a complex relationship. Tuberculosis may cause undernutrition through increasedmetabolic demands and decreased intake, and nutritional deficiencies may worsen the disease, or delay recovery by depressing important immune functions. At present, there is no evidence-based nutritional guidance for adults and children being treated for tuberculosis. Objectives: To assess the effects of oral nutritional supplements in people being treated with antituberculous drug therapy for active tuberculosis.
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    School-based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents
    (Cochrane, 2016-11-08) Kagee, Ashraf; Mason-Jones, Amanda J.; Sinclair, David; Mathews, Catherine; Hillman, Alex; Lombard, Carl
    Background: School-based sexual and reproductive health programmes are widely accepted as an approach to reducing high-risk sexual behaviour among adolescents.Many studies and systematic reviews have concentrated onmeasuring effects on knowledge or self-reported behaviour rather than biological outcomes, such as pregnancy or prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives: To evaluate the effects of school-based sexual and reproductive health programmes on sexually transmitted infections (such as HIV, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis), and pregnancy among adolescents.
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    Vector and reservoir control for preventing leishmaniasis
    (Cochrane, 2015-08-05) Esterhuizen, Tonya; Gonzalez, Urba; Pinart, Mariona; Sinclair, David; Firooz, Alireza; Enk, Claes; Velez, Ivan D.; Tristan, Mario; Alvar, Jorge
    Background: Leishmaniasis is caused by the Leishmania parasite, and transmitted by infected phlebotomine sandflies. Of the two distinct clinical syndromes, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) affects the skin and mucous membranes, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) affects internal organs. Approaches to prevent transmission include vector control by reducing human contact with infected sandflies, and reservoir control, by reducing the number of infected animals. Objectives: To assess the effects of vector and reservoir control interventions for cutaneous and for visceral leishmaniasis.