Browsing by Author "Macdonald, Helen"

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    A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19
    (2022-09) Agarwal, Arnav; Rochwerg, Bram; Lamontagne, François; Siemieniuk, Reed AC; Agoritsas, Thomas; Askie, Lisa; Lytvyn, Lyubov; Leo, Yee-Sin; Macdonald, Helen; Zeng, Linan; Amin, Wagdy; Barragan, Fabian A Jaimes; Bausch, Frederique J.; Burhan, Erlina; Calfee, Carolyn S.; Cecconi, Maurizio; Chanda, Duncan; Dat, Vu Quoc; De Sutter, An; Du, Bin; Freedman, Stephen; Geduld, Heike; Gee, Patrick; Gotte, Matthias; Harley, Nerina; Hashmi, Madiha; Hunt, Beverley; Jehan, Fyezah; Kabra, Sushil K.; Kanda, Seema; Kim, Yae-Jean; Kissoon, Niranjan; Krishna, Sanjeev; Kuppalli, Krutika; Kwizera, Arthur; Castro-Rial, Marta Lado; Lisboa, Thiago; Lodha, Rakesh; Mahaka, Imelda; Manai, Hela; Mino, Greta; Nsutebu, Emmanuel; Preller, Jacobus; Pshenichnaya, Natalia; Qadir, Nida; Relan, Pryanka; Sabzwari, Saniya; Sarin, Rohit; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Sharland, Michael; Shen, Yinzhong; Ranganathan, Shalini S.; Souza, Joao P.; Stegemann, Miriam; Swanstrom, Ronald; Ugarte, Sebastian; Uyeki, Tim; Venkatapuram, Sridhar; Vuyiseka, Dubula; Wijewickrama, Ananda; Tran, Lien; Zeraatkar, Dena; Bartoszko, Jessica J.; Ge, Long; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina; Owen, Andrew; Guyatt, Gordon; Diaz, Janet; Kawano-Dourado, Leticia; Jacobs, Michael; Vandvik, Per Olav
    This living guideline by Arnav Agarwal and colleagues (BMJ 2020;370:m3379, doi:10.1136/bmj.m3379) was last updated on 22 April 2022, but the infographic contained two dosing errors: the dose of ritonavir with renal failure should have read 100 mg, not 50 mg; and the suggested regimen for remdesivir should have been 3 days, not 5-10 days. The infographic has now been corrected.
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    Populism, nativism, and voting behaviour: a global perspective
    (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2023-12) Macdonald, Helen; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Political Science.; Schulz-Herzenberg, Collette
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The growth of populist parties around the globe and the related shift in voting patterns has been a feature of electoral politics in the last decade. This has occurred alongside increased levels of human migration due to climate change, conflict, economic insecurity, and other factors. Scholarly research demonstrates a close link between nativism and the rise of populism but is focussed on the global North and advanced democracies. However, it is unclear how nativist and populist attitudes are related, and the relative influence of nativism on populist voting is under-examined. Whilst levels of populism and migration are on the rise in the global South, the literature does not pay much attention to this world region. This study seeks to understand the nature of the relationship between nativism and populism through the lens of voting behaviour in both the global North and South. The empirical distinctiveness of the concepts of nativism and populism has already been demonstrated in the global North and the study significantly extends this empirical test to two global South cases. Following on from this, the relative influence of nativist attitudes versus other conventional predictors of populist voting is examined in seven country cases. The analysis includes five advanced democracies from the global North and two developing democracies from the global South. By extending the analysis to South Africa and Colombia, it is possible to examine the extent to which nativism drives populist voting in different world regions both directly and indirectly. Survey research data from the Comparative National Elections Project (CNEP) is used to analyse vote choice for a populist party in the seven country cases during the period 2016 – 2019. Phase one of the research design includes bivariate correlations and factor analysis to examine the empirical distinction between the concepts of populism and nativism in South Africa and Colombia. Phase two includes binary logistic regression to analyse the influence of nativist attitudes versus a range of predictor variables on vote choice for a populist party in each country case. Phase Two also includes partial correlations to ascertain whether nativism plays a direct or indirect role in influencing populist voting. Data analysis reveals that the concepts of nativism and populism are empirically distinct in the global South cases albeit with some variation from the global North cases. Significantly, the data shows that nativism drives populist voting directly in the global North cases together with a range of other predictor variables which differs across countries. The item measuring anti-immigrant sentiment is influential in predicting populist voting in every global North case. However, in the two global South cases, nativism has neither a direct nor indirect influence on populist voting. There are notable differences therefore between the global North and South in terms of the relationship between nativism and populism. These differences can be explained by the interaction between the supply and demand of populism in each case leading to differing experiences of elite mobilisation of the immigration issue, differing electoral systems, differing experiences of societal events (climate, conflict, terror) and differing levels of immigration issue salience. The research findings suggest that to counteract populist growth, mainstream political parties and governments need to focus on improving public trust, government responsiveness, and economic confidence amongst other measures, rather than focusing on short-term strategies like punitive immigration policies. The activation of populist attitudes is dependent on populist actors mobilising around issues like immigration which has flashpoint potential during an election cycle. The study concludes that populist actors in the global South cases have not yet mobilised effectively around this issue, but with increasing South – South migration as well as economic insecurity, the potential exists for a populist explosion in the global South.